长洲水利枢纽鱼道功能的初步研究  

A Preliminary Assessment of Fish Migration Through the Changzhou Fishway

作　　者：谭细畅[1] 陶江平[2] 黄道明[2] 李新辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所,广东广州510380 [2]水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室,武汉430079

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2013年第4期58-62,共5页Journal of Hydroecology

摘　　要：鱼道是解决水坝阻隔鱼类上溯的重要途径之一,过鱼效果的监测是其科学运行的重要环节。2011年和2012年4-6月对试运行阶段的长洲水利枢纽鱼道进行了监测采样;共计采集到鱼类30种,主要优势种类为银飘鱼（Pseudolaubuca sinensis）、歺又鱼（Hemiculter leucisclus）、瓦氏黄颡鱼（Pelteobagrus fulvidraco）、赤眼鳟（Spualiobarbus curriculus）、鲮（Cirrhinus molitorella）、日本鳗鲡（Anguill japonica）,青鱼（Mylopharyngodon piceus）、草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）、鲢（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）、鳙（Aristichthys nobilis）也有出现;体长60~870 mm的个体可以通过鱼道上溯;鱼道中鲢体重达1.5 kg,鲤（Cyprinus carpio）、鲶（Schilbe intermedius）体重达到2.8 kg,采集到最大规格的种类为鳡（Elopichthys bambusa）,体长达870 mm,体重7 061 g。监测数据表明,长洲水利枢纽鱼道具有较好的过鱼功能,但监测中未采集到西江重要的洄游性鱼类广东鲂（Megalobrama hoffmanni）。从不同批次监测到的鱼类种类组成及规格上分析,鱼道运行效果明显受水文变化的影响,其运行及效果监测需要充分考虑水文状况及西江鱼类的生态习性。Fishways are commonly constructed to provide passage for native fish to overcome these effects of weirs and dams.Monitoring the fish migration is necessary to determine the operating efficacy of the fishway.Fish in the fishway were collected between April and June during 2011-2012.A total of 30 fish species were sampled from the fishway.Pseudolaubuca sinensis,Hemiculter leucisclus,Pelteobagrus fulvidraco,Spualiobarbus curriculus,Cirrhinus molitorella,Anguill japonica were the most commonly collected fish.Black carp（Mylopharyngodon piceus）,grass carp（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）,silver carp（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix） and bighead carp（Aristichthys nobilis） were four most important economy fish in China and were appeared in the fishway as well.The fish with body length between 60 mm and 870 mm can migratted up the fishway.Weight of silver carp reach to 1.5 kg,Weight of common carp（Cyprinus carpio） and cat fish（Schilbe intermedius） also reach to 2.8 kg.Yellow check carp（Elopichthys bambusai） was the biggest with 870 mm body in length and 7 061 g in body weight.The result showed that Changzhou fishway is needed at this site that can provide passage for a wide range of species and size classes;and the effectiveness of fishway is fluctuated with hydrological processes.It was strange that the dominant species Megalobrama hoffmanni was not collected in the fishway.In the future operation of the fishway,it should cope with water level fluctuations,cological characteristics of fish in the Xijiang river.

关 键 词：长洲水利枢纽 鱼道 过鱼功能 

分 类 号：S956.3[农业科学—水产养殖]