中国农村环境自主治理模式探索及实践研究  

Exploration and Empirical Study on Chinese Self-Governance Pattern of Rural Environment

作　　者：李丽丽[1] 李文秀[1] 栾胜基[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学环境与能源学院城市人居环境科学与技术重点实验室,广东深圳518055 [2]深港产学研基地环境模拟与污染控制重点实验室,广东深圳518057

出　　处：《生态经济》2013年第11期166-169,193,共5页Ecological Economy

摘　　要：传统的政府主导型环境管理模式在解决农村内源性污染问题上存在诸多局限,埃莉诺奥斯特罗姆的自主治理理论为农村环境管理开辟了新路径。农村环境自主治理可作为一种新型农村环境管理模式,强调以农户为环境管理主体,具有监管成本低、信息完整、长效性等优势,其表现实体是农村环境自主治理组织。我国农村环境自主治理组织可划分为三种类型,即农村环保合作社、环保小组和纳入环保规则的村民自治组织,不同组织的制度安排不同。通过实践研究发现:我国农村环境自主治理组织能较好地解决农村生活垃圾等内源性污染问题;农村环境自主治理组织在解决农业生产污染上作用有限,需借助政府的力量通过界定利益分配边界来解决;农村环境自主治理组织的建立需要考虑当地环境政策背景以及经济发展水平。文章基于实践和理论研究,提出发展和完善农村环境自主治理模式的建议。Traditional environmental management pattern that government is the main body has many limitations to solve rural endogenous pollution. Eleanor Ostrom＇s theory of self-governance provides a new way for rural environmental management. Based on her theory of self-governance, the meaning of self-governance of rural environment which emphasizes that farmers are main body of environmental management and its importance in solving rural endogenous pollution are theoretically analyzed. There are mainly three types of organizations in China： rural environmental cooperatives, environmental groups and villagers autonomous organizations practicing environmental rules, different types of organizations have different institutional arrangements. Empirical study shows that： self-governance organizations of rural environment in China have made some achievements in solving endogenous pollution problems, but their institutional design need to be optimized; self-governance organizations of rural environment don＇ t work well in solving agricultural production pollution, and the government are supposed to help solve the problem; when establishing self-governance organizations of the rural environmental, local environmental policy background and the level of local economic development need to be considered.

关 键 词：农村环境 自主治理 制度设计 实践研究 内源性污染 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F327[经济管理—产业经济]