畦灌表施肥料条件下氮素入渗量估算模型  

Estimation Model of Nitrogen Infiltration for Surface Fertilizer Application under Border Irrigation

作　　者：缴锡云[1,2] 虞晓彬[1,2] 张仙[1,2] 王志涛[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210098 [2]河海大学水利水电学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2013年第10期8-10,13,共4页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50979025);国家科技支撑计划课题(2011BAD25B02)

摘　　要：研究畦灌表施肥料条件下的氮素入渗量估算模型,旨在可以利用水分入渗模型及地表水流运动与氮素浓度观测值,估算出灌后肥料在土壤中沿畦长方向的分布,避免取土样化验测定灌水前后土壤中氮素含量方法工作量大的缺陷.试验于2010年3月在河北省南皮县双庙育种农场的冬小麦畦田中进行,共设计6个试验方案,分别观测地表水流的推进与消退时间、地表水流中尿素浓度及灌水前后土壤中硝态氮、铵态氮和尿素态氮浓度.与取土化验的实测值相比,利用本文氮素入渗量估算模型得到的氮素入渗量值的相对误差均值在6.71％～12.35％之间.结果表明,构建的畦灌表施肥料下氮素入渗量估算模型,只需观测田面水流推进、消退过程和地表水流中的浓度变化过程,便可估算沿畦长方向各点氮素入渗量并评价施肥质量,观测方便,田间试验工作量小.The estimation model of nitrogen infiltration for surface fertilizer application under border irrigation is studied in this paper. With this infiltration model, based on the observation of surface water flow motion and nitrogen concentration, the fertilizer distribu- tion after irrigation along the length direction can be estimated, and the workload of determining nitrogen content before and after ir rigation by sampling test can be avoided. In March 2010, the test was carried out in border check for winter wheat in Shuangmiao breeding farm, Nanpi County, Hebei Province. There were six testing programs. The water flow advance and recession time, nitro- gen concentration of overland flow and concentration of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, urea nitrogen before and after irriga- tion are separately observed. Compared with measured value from sampling test, the average relative error is between 6. 71~ 12. 35~ by using estimation model of nitrogen infiltration. The results showed that the estimation model of nitrogen infiltration for surface fertilizer application under border irrigation could be applied to estimate each point nitrogen infiltration along the length direction and evaluate the fertilization quality by only observing water flow advance and recession procedure and concentration change of overland flow, which is convenient and less workload.

关 键 词：畦灌 表施肥料 Kostiakov模型 氮素入渗量 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程] S143.1[农业科学—农业工程]