节水灌溉对稻田节肢动物群落多样性的影响  

Effects of Water-saving Irrigation on Diversity of Arthropod Communities in Paddy Fields

作　　者：付浩龙 罗玉峰[1] 彭世彰[1] 熊玉江[1] 闫欣[1] 叶明林 王立开 

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210098 [2]高邮市水务局,江苏高邮225600

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2013年第10期14-16,20,共4页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题(2011BAD25B07);国家自然科学基金项目(51179048);河海大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2011B02214)

摘　　要：为研究节水灌溉对稻田节肢动物多样性的影响规律,在江苏高邮开展了田间试验。采用广泛应用的控制灌溉,以常规灌溉为对照处理,并采用物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数分析了节水灌溉田间各生育期节肢动物群落的动态变化。结果表明,两种处理全生育期内捕食性天敌种类最丰富(控制49.8%,常规50.5%),其次为害虫(控制22.9%,常规22.7%),中性昆虫和寄生性天敌则相对较弱。由于节水灌溉引起田间水分状况的不同,在控制灌溉田间捕食性天敌种类比例随生育期相对增加,常规灌溉则相反;而控制灌溉害虫种类比例随水稻生长而减少,常规灌溉则相反;控制灌溉各物种群落均匀度随生育期的变化幅度略小于常规灌溉。节水灌溉稻田节肢动物群落多样性优于常规灌溉并处于一个较稳定的水平,能够对田间害虫进行有效地控制。In order to investigate the effects of water-saving irrigation on diversity of arthropod communities in paddy fields, a field experiment was conducted in Gaoyou Irrigation District, Jiangsu Province. The responses of two irrigation treatments, controlled irrigation and traditional irrigation, were observed and compared. The species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou＇s evenness index were employed to analyze the diversity of arthropod communities in paddy fields under water-saving irrigation conditions. The results showed that the species of predatory enemies were the richest （49.8% in controlled irrigation, 50. 5% in traditional irrigation）, followed by pests （22. 9% in controlled irrigation, 22.7% in traditional irrigation）, and neutral insects and parasitic natural enemies were relatively weak in two irrigation treatments. The percentage of species of predatory enemies under controlled ir- rigation and pets under traditional irrigation increased when rice growing. The fluctuation range of evenness of all species community under traditional irrigation was slightly larger that that under controlled irrigation. Diversity of arthropod communities under watersaving irrigation was better than that of traditional irrigation and maintained at a steady level, meanwhile water-saving irrigation practice could effectively control field pest.

关 键 词：节水灌溉 生物多样性 水稻 节肢动物 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]