长期施用化肥和稻草对双季稻田钾素运移的影响  

Effects of Long-term Application of Chemical Fertilizer and Rice Straw on Potassium Transport in Double Cropping Rice Field

作　　者：廖育林[1] 鲁艳红[1] 谢坚[1] 杨曾平[1] 聂军[1] 秦晓波[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省土壤肥料研究所/农业部湖南耕地保育科学观测实验站,长沙410125 [2]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业部农业环境重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2013年第5期199-204,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203013-06;201203030);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD05B05-3;2013BAD07B11);国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)资助项目(Hunan-16)

摘　　要：以红壤双季稻区长期（1981-2012年）定位施肥试验为基础,研究长期施用化肥和稻草对双季水稻（Zea mays L.）集约化种植下3年期间（2010-2012年）水稻产量、作物吸钾量、田面水和不同土层渗漏水中钾动态变化及钾素平衡的影响。结果表明,施钾肥能增加水稻稻谷和稻草的产量;水稻从土壤中的吸钾量随钾肥施用量的增加而显著增加,年平均吸钾量顺序为NPK＋RS〉NPK〉NP＋RS〉CK〉NP;各处理田面水的钾浓度差异主要表现在施肥后前40d,早、晚稻中田面水的钾浓度随施肥时间的延长,逐渐下降,施肥后第40天,各处理田面水的钾浓度高低差异不大,早稻在2.34-3.43mg/L之间,晚稻2.03-2.97mg/L之间;3个施钾处理不同深度土层渗漏水钾浓度均随施肥时间的延长而逐渐下降,而不施钾肥的NP和CK两处理随施肥时间的延长变化幅度较小;在水稻施肥后的70d期间,3个施钾处理随着土层深度的增加,渗漏水钾浓度呈下降的变化趋势;早、晚稻3个土层各处理不同时间渗漏水平均钾浓度的高低顺序均为NPK＋RS〉NPK〉NP＋RS〉CK〉NP;除NPK＋RS处理处于钾盈余外,其他4个处理均处于钾素亏缺。试验结果说明,在施氮磷肥的基础上,配施钾肥和稻草还田不仅能提高水稻高产、稳产的能力,而且对促进钾素养分循环,保持农田钾素平衡,提高土壤钾素肥力有重要的作用。The effect of rice yield,uptake potassium amount of crop,potassium concentration dynamic changes of surface water and different soil depth water and potassium balance on double cropping rice under intensive cropping period of 3 years（2010-2012）was studied using the data obtained from the long-term fertilization experiment（1981-2012）under double cropping rice system.The results showed that application potassium fertilizer could increase the rice grain and straw yield.Potassium uptake from the soil significantly increased with increasing potassium fertilizer application.The average annual amount of potassium absorption was in the order of NPK＋RSNPK NP＋RSCK NP.Potassium concentration differences of surface water in those treatments manifested the following 40 days after fertilizer application.Potassium concentration in the surface water from early rice and late rice decreased gradually with extending time.The 40 days after application potassium fertilizer,potassium concentration of surface water had little difference among those treatments,changed from 2.34mg/L to 3.43mg/L in early rice,and changed from 2.03mg/L to 2.97mg/L in late rice.Potassium concentration of leaching water gradually decreased with prolonging fertilization time in different soil depth from three applied potassium fertilizer treatments,and had less change in NP and CK treatments without potassium fertilizer application.During 70days period after potassium fertilizer application,potassium concentration of leaching water in three treatments with K fertilizer application decreased with the increase of soil depth.The order of potassium concentration of leaching water was NPK＋RSNPK NP＋ RSCK NP in three different soil layers from early rice and late rice.Except NPK＋RS treatment,the other four treatments were in potassium deficiency.These results demonstrated that the long-term application of potassium fertilizers and rice straw returning in reddish soil in double cropping rice field had significant effects on increasing yield,promotin

关 键 词：长期施肥 红壤水稻土 产量 钾素运移 钾素平衡 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] S158.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]