细长杆弹性线模型的发展历史  

The history of elastica model on the slender rod

作　　者：刘建林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)工程力学系,副教授山东青岛266580

出　　处：《自然杂志》2013年第5期372-377,共6页Chinese Journal of Nature

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11272357)

摘　　要：细长杆的弹件线模型广泛存在于自然界和工程实际中,如海底电缆、高压输电线、柔性绳索、弹簧、石油工程中的钻杆和抽油杆、纳米纤维和纳米管、DNA和大分子聚合物、攀缘类植物的茎等。弹性细长杆的变形伴随着结构很强的几何非线性,从而对其进行力学分析具有很强的挑战性。整个弹性线的发展史是一部激动人心的历史,从问题提出到现在,其时间尺度跨越了大约8个世纪。参与弹性线研究的杰出科学家层出不穷,他们从数学、力学、实验等角度进行了各种探索。笔者主要从平面弹性线、空间弹性线以及弹性线与其他物理现象的比拟等角度对其发展历史加以介绍。弹性线的历史发展也使我们了解到数学力学与工程技术在解决实际问题时是如何紧密结合的。The elastica model of slender rods exists widely in nature and engineering applications, such as submarine cables, high voltage transmission lines, compliant ropes, springs, drilling rods and oil suction rods in petroleum engineering, nano-fibers and nano-tubes, DNA and high polymers, stems in climbing plants. It is more challenging to analyze the deformation of the elastica of slender rods, which are normally accompanied by strong geometry nonlinearity. The history of elastica proves really dramatic. It has lasted almost 8 centuries up to date, and there were a lot of distinguished scientists involving in this problem, from the viewpoints of mathematics, mechanics and experiments, etc. In this paper, the history of elastica is introduced spanning from planar elastica, spatial elastica to the analogies between elastica and some other physical phenomena. The history of elastica can help us understand how mathematics and mechanics are closely combined with engineering technologies in face of engineering applications.

关 键 词：细长杆 平面弹性线 空间弹性线 力学家 相似系统 

分 类 号：O302[理学—力学]