低水头、大单宽流量泄洪消能形式试验研究  

Experimental study on energy dissipation form of low head, large unit discharge flood discharge

作　　者：胡明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电第七工程局有限公司,成都610000

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2013年第5期158-162,共5页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

摘　　要：低弗氏数水跃消能与防冲是低水头、大流量引水枢纽工程的一个普遍水力学问题,该问题已成为水利水电工程尤其是中小型工程中亟待解决的重要课题。通过水工模型试验研究,提出了解决低弗氏数、大流量水利枢纽坝下消能问题的新形式——小挑角跌坎浅水垫消力池的联合消能形式。小挑角跌坎是一种扩散形体型,在泄量较小,下游尾水位较低时,出闸水流被稍微挑起,经横、纵向扩散后以较小的单宽流量入消力池形成水跃,末端设置斜坡消力坎是调整出池水流的流速分布,同时可一定程度上改变消力池内各水力参数。较好地解决了下游河床的消能防冲问题。Energy dissipation and anti-scour of water jump at low Froude number is a general issue in the water intake or multipurpose hydraulic projects of low water head and large flow. This issue becomes a big problem left in the water conservancy and hydropower engineering, particularly for small and medium-sized projects. According to the results of hydraulic model tests, this paper puts forth a new approach to solving this energy dissipation problem--a combined use of small deflection angle and shallow water cushion in stilling basin energy dissipation. Our model tests show that a sill of small deflection angle has a diffusion effect. When the flow and tail level are low, the outflow nappe was deflected up a little, diffused in horizontal and vertical directions, and then plunges into the stilling basin with a smaller unit discharge, forming a hydraulic jump. A sloped baffle sill installed at the basin tail end can adjust the velocity distribution of outflow and improve the basin flow hydraulics. Thus, this study verifies that this stilling basin design is a good approach to energy dissipation and anti-scour of water jump at low Froude number.

关 键 词：水力学 低水头 大流量 低弗氏数 联合消能 

分 类 号：TV135.2[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]