濮阳市6531例狂犬病暴露者流行病学调查  

Epidemiological analysis on 6531 rabies cases in Puyang

作　　者：王志彬[1] 王晓利[1] 李言彬[1] 

机构地区：[1]濮阳市疾病预防控制中心,河南濮阳457000

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2013年第21期3916-3918,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的 分析2008～2011年濮阳市狂犬病暴露人员的基本特征、处置效果,为更好地预防控制狂犬病提供依据.方法 收集并分析市疾控中心犬伤处置门诊收集的暴露人员的基本情况、受伤害时间、部位、伤害程度、伤口处理、伤人动物种类与动物免疫状况、狂犬疫苗以及被动免疫制品使用情况等.结果 濮阳市犬伤处置门诊2008年1月1日～2011年12月31日共收集6 531名受动物伤害者,暴露人员男女之比为1.41∶1,10岁以下儿童最易受到动物伤害,占受伤害人员的23.48％；5月份被动物致伤者占14.18％,手部占受伤部位的41.68％.第一时间自行用清水清洗和肥皂消毒者占75.34％,及时接受规范伤口处理者占99.46％.88.44％的人是被狗伤害,疑似疯伤咬伤占犬伤者的0.97％;犬只免疫率8.64％;受伤害者狂犬疫苗全程接种率90.68％,在24 h内注射狂犬疫苗者占92.57％.Ⅲ级暴露4 985人,注射人用抗狂犬病免疫球蛋白（Human Rabies Immunoglobulin,HRIG）者占应注射者占14.80％.结论 犬只是威胁市民健康的主要动物,每年5月份易受到犬等动物伤害,5岁以下儿童手和头面部受伤害比例高于其他年龄组人群,被动物伤害后伤口及时处置率和狂犬疫苗全程接种率较高.OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies epidemic and disposal effect in Puyang to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of rabies. METHODS The basic data, injured time, injured part, injured extent, treatment for the bitten wound, the species of attacking animal, immune status of animal, timeliness of inoculating rabies vaccine and passive immunity products in the outpatients of rabies admitted to Puyang CDC clinic were collected for statistical analysis. RESULTS From January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2011, the outpatient for dog injury in Puyang CDC were 6 531 rabies cases. The sex ratio in exposed cases was 1.41 ： 1. Younger than 10-year-old children were most vul- nerable to be damaged by animals, accounting for 23.48% of the injured cases. In May of each year, 14.18% of the rabies cases were injured by animals, and 41.68% of the injured part was occurred in hand. 75.34% of the exposed cases could wash with water and disinfect with soap. Treatment for the bitten wound could be executed timely for 99.46% of the exposed cases. The percentage of the exposed cases were bitten by dogs was 88.44%. Among which 0.97% was suspected crazy hurt bites. The immunization rate in dogs was 8.64%. The percentage of full rabies vaccine inoculation rate in injured persons was 90.68%. And the percentage of the injection of rabies vaccine within 24h in the exposed cases was 92.57%.4 985 rabies cases were accompanied with grade m expose. The percentage of the exposed cases inoculating rabies immunoglobulin was 14.80%. CONCLUSION Unimmunized animals are the main reason for municipalities＇ heahh and the development of rabies. Animal injury in strict accordance with the specification disposal can effectively avoid the occurrence of rabies.

关 键 词：狂犬病 暴露人员 调查分析 

分 类 号：R512.99[医药卫生—内科学]