黑龙江省大气边界层不同高度风速变化  

The Characteristics of Wind Speed Variation at Different Altitudes of Boundary Layer in Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：于宏敏[1] 任国玉[2] 刘玉莲[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省气候中心,哈尔滨150030 [2]中国气象局气候研究开放实验室国家气候中心,北京100081

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2013年第10期1718-1730,共13页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF2011-18);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201106013;GYHY201206012);国家科技支撑计划课题(2007BAC29B02);水利部公益性行业专项(200801001)

摘　　要：利用黑龙江省1961—2010年哈尔滨、嫩江、齐齐哈尔、伊春4个气象站探空和地面风速资料,分析了边界层内不同高度风速的气候学特征和时间变化趋势,获得以下结论:①黑龙江省边界层内不同高度年平均风速随高度增加而增大,10 m到300 m风速垂直递增率最大;风速在年内具有明显的季节性特征,各高度都是春季最大,近地面层冬季风速最小,其余高度夏季风速最小。②1961—2010年,近地面10 m高度平均风速1970年代最大,其后各年代风速逐渐减小,2000年代风速最小;300、600、900 m高度,平均风速1980年代最大,从1980年代到2000年代逐渐减小,300 m高度平均风速最小出现在1960年代,600 m和900m最小出现在1970年代。③1961—2010年,近地面10 m高度平均风速呈明显减弱趋势,递减率为0.162 m/(s·10 a),递减趋势主要发生在1970年代以后,但300、600和900 m高度平均风速变化均不显著。④黑龙江省近地面风速变化趋势可能主要与观测环境改变和城市化等非自然因素影响有关,上层的风速变化则主要受大尺度大气环流变化的影响。Using the data of upper air and surface wind speed observed from Harbin, Nenjiang, Qiqihar and Yichun of Heilongjiang Province, from 1961 to 2010, the characteristics of variation of wind speed in boundary layers are analyzed. The following conclusions are drawn： 1） The annual mean wind speed increases with height from the ground to 900 m, and the distribution of wind speed at different time of the year has obvious characteristics of seasonal variation, with the maximum in springtime and the minimum in wintertime at near-surface layer, and the minimum in summertime at the remaining height layers; the maximum wind speed vertical increasing rate appears between 10 m and 300 m. 2） In 1961 - 2010, the largest mean wind speed at 10 m height is in the 1970s, and gradually decreases from the 1970s to the 2000s, with the smallest value occurring in the 2000s; at 300 m, 600 m, 900 m heights, the largest mean wind speed is in the 1980s, and wind speed gradually reduces from the 1980s to the 2000s, with the smallest value being in the 1960s at 300 m and in the 1970s at 600 m and 900 m. 3） During 1961 - 2010, the mean wind speed at 10 m is weakening and the diminishing rate is 0.162 m/（s. 10a）, and the trend occurs mainly after the 1970s. At 300 m, 600 m and 900 m, the mean wind speed trends are not significant. 4） It seems that the significant slowdown trends of the surface wind speed in Heilongjiang Province is mostly caused by the fast urbanization and the change of observational environment.

关 键 词：气候变化 风能资源 风速 边界层 黑龙江省 

分 类 号：P425[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]