不同沙化程度草原地下生物量及其环境因素特征  

Belowground biomass and features of environmental factors in the degree of grassland desertification

作　　者：金云翔[1] 徐斌[1] 杨秀春[1] 李金亚[1] 马海龙[1] 高添[1] 于海达[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所农业部农业信息技术重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《草业学报》2013年第5期44-51,共8页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展专项(863)(2006AA10Z242,2008AA121805);国家自然科学基金(40701055);农业农村资源监测统计(草原监测)(326-6);中央公益性科研院所专项资金项目(INRRP 2012-20)资助

摘　　要：为探讨草原沙化演替过程中地下生物量的变化规律,以内蒙古正蓝旗温性草原区为例,采用样地调查方法,研究了不同沙化程度草地地下生物量的垂直分布格局及其土壤环境特征。结果表明,1）草地地下生物量由土壤表层向深层急剧下降,总体呈＂T＂形分布,0~30cm土层地下生物量占总地下生物量的80%以上;随着草原沙化程度的加剧,地下生物量呈显著下降趋势（P〈0.05）,未沙化草地、轻度沙化草地、中度沙化草地、重度沙化草地的地下生物量平均密度分别为2 598.67,2 318.45,390.26,117.25g/m2。2）土壤温度随深度的增加而降低,30cm以下土壤温度基本保持稳定;沙化草地深层土壤含水量略高于表层含水量,未沙化草地土壤保水能力优于沙化草地。3）在草原沙化演替进程中,土壤理化性质发生了一系列变化,与未沙化草地相比砂粒含量显著增加（P〈0.05）,沙化草地砂粒含量占90%以上;温性草原土壤pH值总体属于中性,各类型沙化草地间差异不显著（P〉0.05）;随着沙化程度的加剧,土壤有机质、全氮和速效氮含量均值较未沙化草地显著下降（P〈0.05）。Belowground biomass is the important component of carbon accumulation on grassland, and the main link to relate aboveground with belowground ecosystem process. In order to discuss variation of belowground biomass in succession process of grassland desertification, taking grassland on Zhenglan Banner of Inner Mon- golia as example, we analyzed its distribution pattern and soil environment features in different desertification grassland by the sample-plot survey method. We proceed with significance testing by one-way variance analysis （One-way ANOVA） and Scheffe method. The results showed that： 1） Belowground biomass decreased with soil depth and with a ＇T＇ shape distribution. Belowground biomass in 0--30 cm soil layer occupied more than 80% of the total and then was significantly declined with the aggravation of grassland desertification （P~ 0.05）. Belowground biomass of non-desertified grassland was the highest （2 598.67 g/m2）, and was followed by slight desertified grassland （2 318.45 g/m2） , moderate desertified grassland （390.26 g/m2） and severe de- sertified grassland （117.25 g/m2）. 2） Soil temperature decreased with soil depth and remained stable under 30 cm soil layer. Soil moisture content of grassland desertification in deep soil layer was a little more than soil moisture content in surface layer. Water retaining capacity of non-desertified grassland preceded its desertified grassland. 3） Following succession process of grassland desertification, soil physicochemical properties oc- curred a series of variation. Sand content increased significantly compared with non-desertified grassland and occupied more than 90~//oo. In general, pH value of soil on temperate grassland belonged to neutral. There was non-significant difference of pH value between the various types of desertified grassland （P〉0.05）. Following the aggravation of grassland desertification, soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available nitrogen content of desertified grassland were significantly lo

关 键 词：地下生物量 草原沙化 环境因素 正蓝旗 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]