2009年沈阳甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情流行特征分析  

Analysis of characteristics of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) outbreak in Shenyang

作　　者：连志勇[1] 安向东[2] 于文博[1] 于霄云[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省沈阳市疾病预防控制中心,沈阳110031 [2]沈阳市预防医学研究所,沈阳110031

出　　处：《疾病预防控制通报》2013年第5期20-22,31,共4页Bulletin of Disease Control & Prevention(China)

基　　金：沈阳市科技计划课题(109T268-8-00)

摘　　要：目的描述2009年辽宁省沈阳市甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情流行特征，掌握疫情规律，评价控制措施，为今后采取更为有效的防控措施提供依据。方法收集整理全市报告的甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情数据，按照大、中、小学进行分层流行病学分析。结果2009年沈阳市甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情主要集中在大、中、小学校，时间集中在9～10月，整个流行趋势是先从大学开始，逐渐波及中学，最后在小学流行，其中高校4起（2．68％）、中学63起（42．28％）、小学82起（55．03％），大、中、小学校之间学生的罹患率差异有统计学意义（X^2=2257．243，P≤0．000）；流行时间城区早于郊区，郊区早于农村，城区110起（73．83％）、郊区28起（18．79％）、农村11起（7．38％），城区、郊区、农村之间罹患率差异有统计学意义（X^2=2300．572，P≤0．000）；学龄组甲型H1N1流感抗体水平高于其他年龄组，差异有统计学意义（X^2=22．435，P≤0．000），疫苗接种和居家医学隔离是有效的控制措施。结论沈阳市甲型H1N1流感疫情社区暴发流行源于学校疫情暴发，控制学校暴发疫情是防控社区流行的关键。Objective To describe epidemiological characteristics of outbreak of influenza A （H1N1） in Shenyang in 2009, and master epidemic pattern, and evaluate control measure, and provide evidence for taking more effective measure of control. Methods Data of outbreak of influenza A （H1N1） in the whole city was collected and analyzed by school level. Results Outbreak of influenza A in Shenyang in 2009 mostly occurred in primary and middle schools, and college. Most cases appeared during September and October. The epidemic started from college and spread to middle schools gradually and to primary schools finally. There were 4 cases in colleges （2.685%）, 63 cases in middle schools （42.28%）, and 82 cases in pri- mary schools （55.03%）; with significant differences in prevalence among colleges, middle schools and primary schools X^2= 2 257.243, P≤0.000）. The epidemic in urban city appeared earlier than that in suburb, and the epidemic in suburb emerged earlier than that in rural area. There were 110 episodes （73.83%） in urban area, 28 episodes （18.79%） in suburb area, and 11 episodes （episodes） in rural area. There was significant differences in attack rate among various areas （X^2=2 300.572, P≤ 0.000）. The antibody level of influenza A （H1N1） in school age-group was higher than that in other age groups with signifi- cant differences （X^2=22.435, P≤0.000）. Vaccination and medical isolation at home were effective methods to control the epi- demic. Conclusions The outbreak of influenza A in Shenyang originates from schools and then spreads to community. Controlling the outbreak in schools would be the key to control the outbreak in community.

关 键 词：甲型H1N1流感 暴发疫情 流行特征 

分 类 号：R511.7[医药卫生—内科学]