枇杷种质资源抽穗特性与幼树期评价指标探讨  

Study on earring characteristic of loquat and its evaluating index innutrition periods

作　　者：蒋际谋[1,2] 陈秀萍[1,2] 姜帆[1,2] 黄爱萍[2,3] 邓朝军[1,2] 胡文舜[1,2] 许奇志[1,2] 郑少泉[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院果树研究所,福州350013 [2]福建省龙眼枇杷育种工程技术研究中心,福州350013 [3]福建省农业科学院农业经济与科技信息研究所,福州350003

出　　处：《果树学报》2013年第6期938-943,共6页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家科技基础条件平台项目(2005DKA21002-27);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201003073);农业部农作物种质资源保护项目(NB2013-2130135);农业部农业科研杰出人才及其创新团队

摘　　要：【目的】为了探讨枇杷种质资源抽穗特性与幼树期评价指标，【方法】在统一育苗、统一种植管理条件下，2006--2009年对国家果树种质福州枇杷圃中246份枇杷种质资源的抽穗特性、幼树期进行鉴定。【结果l嫁接当年苗地和定植地分别有55份、28份开始抽穗，4a内株抽穗率均达100％；平均枝梢抽穗率逐年增加，从1a生时2．3％逐年增加至4a生的89．3％，而变异系数从363．5％逐年降低至15．5％；1—3a生的株抽穗率与枝梢抽穗率间相关系数分别达O．90、0．66、0．38，存在极显著的正相关关系；幼树期有1a、1-2a、2a、2～3a、3a、2～4a、3—4a,4a8种类型．具有丰富的多样性，根据鉴定结果提出幼树期5级评价指标：极短（1a），短（1～2a、2a），中等（2～3a、3a），长（2-4a、3-4a,4a），极长（〉4a），并提出参照品种。【结论】枇杷种质资源株抽穗率、枝梢抽穗率和幼树期多样性丰富，幼树期5级评价指标更适合枇杷资源评价。[Objective]The objective of this research was to study the earring characteristic of loquat and its evaluating index in nutrition periods. [Method]The earring rate was researched from 2006 to 2009 on 246 loquat genotypes under same field condition, which were in National Field Genebank for Loquat in Fuzhou. [Result]The result showed that, the number of earring genotypes were 55 on the grafting year, and 28 on the planting year. The earring rate of all the loquat genotypes were up to 100% in 4 years. The shoot earring rate increased with growing years, from 2.3% on 1st year to 89.3% on gth years. But the co- efficient of variation reduced year by year, from 363.5% to 15.5%. There were very significant positive correlations between line earring rate and shoot earring rate from 1 to 3 years, for correlation coefficient as 0.90, 0.66, 0.38 respectively. And there were 8 types during loquat nutrition periods, such as 1 year, 1- 2 years, 2 years, 2-3 years, 3 years, 2-4 years, 3-4 years and g years. Then the loquat nutrition periods could be classified as 5 grades, for very short （flowering after 1 year）, short （1-2 years and 2 years ）, medium （2-3 years and 3 years）, long （2-4 years, 3-4 years and 4 years）, very long （more than 4 years）. At the same time, the reference cultivars were selected based on the nutrition periods. [Conclusion]Thereis abundant genetic in earring characteristic and nutrition periods of loquat. The evaluation index of 5 grades in loquat nutrition periods is suitable.

关 键 词：枇杷 种质资源 抽穗率 幼树期 评价指标 

分 类 号：S667.3[农业科学—果树学]