西北太平洋台风活动和中国沿海登陆台风暴雨及大风的气候特征  

CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC TYPHOON ACTIVITY AND CHINESE COASTAL LANDFALL TYPHOON RAIN AND GALE

作　　者：乐群[1] 董谢琼[2] 马开玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学大气科学系,江苏南京210093 [2]云南省气象科学研究所,云南昆明650034

出　　处：《南京大学学报（自然科学版）》2000年第6期741-749,共9页Journal of Nanjing University（Natural Science）

基　　金：国家"九五"科技攻关项目(96-908-01-01-2)

摘　　要：根据 18 84 - 1996年台风资料对西北太平洋台风活动及中国华南、华东沿海登陆台风暴雨和大风进行了分析 ,得出 :西北太平洋台风有两个活动中心 ,一个在南海 ,一个在菲律宾以东洋面上 ,各月活动中心的位置不同 .华南沿海登陆台风主要集中在 6～ 11月 ,8～ 9月的降水量和风速最大 ;华东沿海登陆台风主要集中在 7～ 9月 ,其降水量和风速都不亚于华南沿海登陆台风 ;华南和华东沿海登陆台风异常多和异常少的年份 ,台风的最大降水量和最大风速都无显著差异 .西北太平洋台风生成频数有 30年和 15年的周期振荡 ,194 9年以后近 4年的短周期振荡也较明显 .华南沿海登陆台风有较强的 30、15和 5年的周期变化 ,华东沿海登陆台风有较强的 15和 3～ 4年的周期变化 .一般厄尔尼诺期间西北太平洋台风生成和登陆台风次数减少 ,拉尼娜期间次数增加 ;从气候学角度看 ,西北太平洋副热带高压指数中只有副高脊线位置与华南沿海 6～7月登陆台风次数和副高北界位置与华南沿海 8～ 9月登陆台风次数有明显的相关 .We analyzed the Northwestern Pacific typhoon activity and the coastal landfall typhoon rain and gale of China by the typhoon 1884～1996. Results show that there are two active centers of NW Pacific typhoon, one being in South China Sea, other being in the ocean east of the Philippines. The situations of active centers are different every month. Coastal landfall typhoons of South China mainly on months from June to November. Maximun precipitation and wind speed are in August and September. Coastal landfall typhoons of East China mainly concentrate on months from July to September. Their maximum precipitation and wind speed are not less than those of coastal landfall typhoons of South China. In the maximum precipitation and gale, there are no obvious differences between above normal and below normal landfall typhoons in the South China and East China coasts. The NW Pacific typhoon activity has 30 year and 15 year periodic oscillations, while the about 4 year short periodic oscillation after 1949 is obvious too. The South China coastal landfall typhoon has strong 30, 15 and 5 year periodic variations, and East China coastal landfall typhoon has strong 15 and 3 to 4 year periodic variations. Generally, during the El Nino, the numbers of EW Pacfic typhoon out growth and the numbers of landfall typhoon reduce; during the La Nina, they inerease. From the climatology, in the indexes of NW Pacfic subtropical high, only the position of subtropical ridge is related to the numbers of South China coastal landfall typhoon from June to July, the position of the northem boundary of the subtropical high is related to the numbers of South China coastal landfall typhoon from June to September.

关 键 词：台风活动 台风暴雨 台风大风 

分 类 号：P444[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P468.026