种养平衡——农业污染减排模式探讨  

Balance Between Crop-planting and Livestock-raising:Perspective of Agricultural Pollution Reduction

作　　者：常维娜[1,2] 周慧平[1] 高燕[3] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042 [2]南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,南京210044 [3]江苏理工学院中德国际学院,江苏常州213001

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2013年第11期2118-2124,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：环保公益性行业科研专项(201009017-1);国家自然科学基金(41101496);江苏省自然科学基金(BK2011080);中央级公益性科研院所基本业务专项(jbywf1203)

摘　　要：种植业与养殖业缺乏协调规划导致"种养分离"日趋明显,由此影响了种养系统间物质循环利用过程,导致畜禽粪便过量对生态环境造成极大危害。为此,从种养系统间物质循环与农业污染之间的内在联系出发,提出"种养平衡"发展模式,分别从以种定养、以养促种的角度探讨了种植业与养殖业平衡发展模式的实现途径:"以种定养"是从种养系统物质循环的角度合理规划养殖规模,防止畜禽粪便过量产出增加环境压力";以养促种"是通过畜禽粪便无害化处理和科学合理地还田利用等手段,降低畜禽粪便资源化的环境风险。通过建立"以种定养""、以养促种"的农业生产模式,实现废弃物高效循环利用,降低环境污染风险,从而缓解农业污染减排压力。Lack of integrated planning of both crop planting and livestock raising systems causes excessive outputs of livestock feces, leading to serious hazards to the ecological environment. Here we explored the linkage of agricultural pollution to material cycling between crop- planting and livestock-raising. We also discussed the approaches to achieve simultaneous development of crops and livestock in two aspects of ＂Crop-planting determines livestock-raising＂ and ＂Livestock-raising promotes crop-planting＂. ＂Crop-planting determines livestock- raising＂ means that the scale of livestock system should be reasonably determined by crop system according to the law of material cycling between two systems, with an aim at relieving the environmental pressure caused by livestock wastes. ＂Livestock-raising promotes crop- planting＂ is that applying livestock wastes after their harmless treatments would improve soil fertility and crop production. It is concluded that balancing production between ＂crop planting and livestock raising＂ would fully utilize wastes, reduce the risk of environmental pollution and ultimately achieve the goal of agricultural pollution reduction.

关 键 词：农业污染 种养平衡 污染减排 养殖业 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程]