生命条形码与生命之树  

On Barcode of Life and Tree of Life

作　　者：陈之端[1] 李德铢[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室,北京100093 [2]中国科学院昆明植物研究所生物多样性与生物地理学重点实验室,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《植物分类与资源学报》2013年第6期675-681,共7页Plant Diversity

基　　金：国家重大科学研究计划项目(2014CB954100);国家自然科学基金面上项目(31270268)

摘　　要：生命条形码和生命之树的研究与应用在近十年内备受关注,成为生命科学研究领域的两个热点。本文综述了生命条形码和生命之树的概念来源、研究现状、面临问题与解决方案,并对其发展前景进行了展望。生命之树概念的形成有着悠久的历史渊源,DNA条形码的提出和实施则只有十年的历史,两者均得益于测序技术和生物信息技术的蓬勃发展;但两者的目的不同,生命条形码技术旨在实现对物种的快速鉴定,而生命之树研究的主要目的则是重建生命世界的起源和进化历史以及各生物类群之间的亲缘关系,因此应根据两者不同的目标任务而采取相应的发展思路和顶层设计。本文针对目前生命条形码和生命之树研究领域遇到的瓶颈和问题进行了阐述,并提出了相应的解决方案。最后,作者建议我国学者抓住机遇,与多个领域的学者和工程技术人员广泛合作,推动DNA条形码鉴定技术和生命之树理论研究的快速发展。Barcode of Life and Tree of Life have attracted much attention in the recent decade and are two hotspots in the realm of biology. The authors reviewed the conceptual initiation, research progress, bottlenecks and resolving strategies for both Barcode of Life and Tree of Life, and discussed perspectives of their development and applications in the future. The concept of Tree of Life have been developed with a long history, while DNA barcoding has been promoted for a decade, and studies on the two subjects have been greatly accelerated by the advances of DNA se- quencing technology, bioinformatics and computational biology. Despite of these, objectives of the two subjects are quite different. DNA barcoding aims to rapidly identify species with a short and standard region of DNA sequences, while Tree of Life focuses on exploring the origin of species and reconstructing phylogenetic relationships among or- ganisms. Therefore, different strategies and overall considerations should be made correspondingly to the distinguish- able goals of Barcode of Life and Tree of Life. Uncertainty in species circumscription and sampling strategies is ad- dressed as the major bottleneck deterring the development of Barcode of Life and Tree of Life, and appropriate sug- gestions are provided. Finally the authors suggest that Chinese scientists should take the advantage of the current re- sources to push forward theoretical accomplishment of the Tree of Life, as well as the application of DNA barcoding through collaboration with engineers from the fields of bioinformatics and computer sciences.

关 键 词：DNA条形码 生命之树 条形码数据系统 物种鉴定仪 

分 类 号：TP391.44[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术] Q75[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]