市场VS政府,什么力量影响了我国菜农农药用量的选择?  

The Market vs.the Government:What Forces Affect the Selection of Amount of Pesticide Used by China's Vegetable Grower?

作　　者：王常伟[1] 顾海英[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院

出　　处：《管理世界》2013年第11期50-66,187-188,共17页Journal of Management World

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(71333010);国家自然科学基金面上项目(70973076);国家社科基金青年项目(13CJY072);江苏省教育厅"青蓝工程"的资助

摘　　要：近年来,农业生产中农药的超量施用已造成严重的负外部性,谋求农药施用量的减少因此成为现代农业政策的内容之一。本文利用对江苏省蔬菜种植户的调查数据,通过建立damage-abatement生产函数及计量模型,分析了影响菜农农药用量选择的主要因素,研究表明,有1/4的菜农在施用农药时会超过说明书规定用量,农药对蔬菜潜在的产量影响、价格影响及农户风险态度等造成农户收益认知直接变动的市场收益保证类别因素,是影响农户农药用量选择的主要因素,蔬菜售前农药残留检测也可有效规范农户农药的施用行为,而签订销售合同、参加合作社等市场组织模式以及宣传指导、种植监管等政府介入措施,并没有起到抑制菜农超量施用农药的作用,签订销售合同、参加合作社甚至对菜农的农药用量具有正向激励。另外,超量施用农药菜农在政策诉求方面存在一定的逆向选择,进一步增加了农药施用治理的难度。In recent years, excessive application of pesticides in agricultural production has caused serious negative externali-ties, seeking to reduce the amount of pesticide application(AOPA) has therefore become one of the contents of themodern agricultural policy. In this paper, by the use of the survey data on the vegetable growers in Jiangsu Provinceand through the establishment of a damage-abatement production function and an econometric model, we have ana-lyzed the main factor that impacts on vegetable growers' choice of the amount of pesticide application. The results ofour research have shown that a quarter of vegetable growers have used the pesticides that have been specified in the in-structions when they applied pesticides, that the factors of the kinds of the market revenue guarantee of the directchange, of farmers in recognition, caused by the impact of the pesticides on the potential amount of production of vege-tables, on the prices and the attitude of farmers to risks, are the main factors that impact on the selection of theamount of pesticides to be used, that the checking of the pesticide residues before selling can also effectively regulatefarmers' behavior of pesticides application, that the market organizations modes such as having a sale contract, the par-ticipation in cooperatives, and the measures of the government intervention such as guidance or the supervision inplanting, did not have an impact on farmers in the excessive pesticides application, that having a sale contract and theparticipation in cooperatives have a positive incentive to excessive pesticides application, and that farmers have a cer-tain adverse selection in policies appeal in farmers' excessive pesticides application, thus increasing the difficulty inthe pesticide governance.

关 键 词：农药施用 菜农 市场激励 政府介入 

分 类 号：F326.13[经济管理—产业经济] F322