覆盖方式对旱地冬小麦土壤水分的影响  

Effects of mulching on soil moisture in a dryland winter wheat field,Northwest China

作　　者：范颖丹[1] 柴守玺[1] 程宏波[2] 陈玉章[1] 杨长刚[1] 黄彩霞[3] 常磊[1] 逄蕾[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学生命科学与技术学院,兰州730070 [3]甘肃农业大学工程学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2013年第11期3137-3144,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903007-07;200903010-06;201303104);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3-2-49)资助

摘　　要：在黄土高原半干旱雨养条件下，研究了不同覆盖方式（夏季覆膜，T1；秋季覆膜，T2；小麦碎秆覆盖，T3；小麦整秆覆盖，T4；夏季覆膜＋麦秆还田，T5；旧膜二茬利用，T6；无覆盖对照，CK）对旱地冬小麦土壤水分的影响．结果表明：T6在各时期、各土层土壤含水量普遍高于CK，其他5个覆盖处理可明显改善开花前0～90cm土壤墒情，但开花后0～90cm土层以及全生育期90—200cm土层含水量普遍低于CK．全生育期0～200cm土层平均含水量L显著高于CK，两者差值为0．9％，其余处理均低于CK．0～200cm土层平均含水量秸秆覆盖处理高于覆膜处理，旧膜二茬利用高于新覆膜．覆膜处理单位面积籽粒产量较CK提高20．3％-29．0％，秸秆覆盖处理较CK提高5．0％～16．7％，冬小麦产量与生育期耗水量呈显著正相关（r=0．77＊）．This paper studied the effects of different mulching modes on the soil moisture in a semi- arid rainfed area of Loess Plateau, Northwest China. Seven treatments were installed, i. e. , mulc- hing plastic film in summer （ T1 ） , mulching plastic film in autumn （ T2 ）, mulching 5 em long wheat straw in summer （T3 ） , mulching whole wheat straw in summer （T4 ） , mulching plastic film in summer plus wheat straw （ T5 ）, mulching used plastic film after harvest （ T6 ） , and un-mulehing （CK）. In T6, the soil moisture in different layers at different crop growth stages was all higher than that in CK. In the other five mulching treatments, the soil moisture in 0-90 cm layer before flower- ing stage was obviously higher, but that in 0-90 cm layer after flowering stage and in 90-200 cm layer during the whole growth season was lower than that of CK. The soil moisture in 0-200 cm lay- er in T6 during the whole growth period was significantly higher than that in CK, with a difference of 0.9%, but the soil moisture in 0-200 cm layer in other mulching treatments was lower. As com- pared with plastic film mulching, straw mulching increased the soil moisture in 0-200 cm layer. The soil moisture under mulching with used plastic film after harvest was higher than that under mulching with new plastic film. As compared to CK, the grain yield of winter wheat with plastic film mulching was increased by 20.3% -29.0%, and that with straw mulching was increased by 5.0%-16.7%. There was a significant positive correlation between the crop productivity and the soil water consumption during the growth period （r = 0.77 ＊ ）.

关 键 词：地膜覆盖 秸秆覆盖 土壤水分 旱地 冬小麦 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]