喀斯特峰丛洼地小流域表层土壤矿物的空间异质性  

Spatial heterogeneity of surface soil mineral components in a small catchment in Karst peakcluster depression area,South China

作　　者：高鹏[1,2,3] 付同刚[1,2,3] 王克林[1,2] 陈洪松[1,2] 曾馥平[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,长沙410125 [2]中国科学院环江喀斯特生态系统观测研究站,广西环江547100 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2013年第11期3179-3184,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院西部行动计划项目(KZCX2-XB3-10);国家科技支撑计划项目(2010BAE00739);国家自然科学基金项目(41071340)资助

摘　　要：基于网格取样（80m×80m），利用经典统计学和地统计学方法分析了典型喀斯特峰丛洼地小流域163个表层（0—2Ocm）土壤样点矿物质（SiO2、Fe2O3、CaO、MgO、Al2O3、MnO、TiO2）的空间变异特征．结果表明：研究区土壤7种矿物含量的差异及变异系数均较大，平均含量大小顺序为SiO2〉Al2O3〉CaO〉MgO〉Fe2O3〉TiO2〉MnO，平均变异程度依次为CaO〉MgO〉Fe2O，〉TiO2〉SiO2〉Al2O，〉MnO．7种矿物占土壤总质量的69．4％，不同矿物质具有不同的空间结构和最佳拟合模型，7种矿物元素均呈强烈空间自相关，变程均较短，空间依赖性均较强．SiO2、Fe2O3、Al2O3、MnO、TiO2的Kriging等值线图大致相似，表现为南部高、北部低、东部高、西部低、洼地高、坡地低，CaO和MgO的Kriging等值线图则与之相反．自然条件（植被、裸岩率、坡度、坡向等）和人为干扰是土壤矿物质空间异质性的主要影响因素．A total of 163 soil samples （0-20 cm layer） were collected from the grid sampling plots （80 m×80 m） in Huanjiang Observation and Research Station of Karst Ecosystem in a small catch- ment in Karst cluster-peak depression area, South China. By using classical statistics and geostatis- tics, the spatial heterogeneity of mineral components （SiO2, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, Al2O3, MnO, and TiO2 ） in the soils were studied. The contents of the seven soil mineral components in the study area differed greatly, being in the order of SiO2 〉Al2O3 〉CaO〉MgO〉Fe2O3 〉TiO2 〉MnO, and the va- fiance coefficients also varied obviously, in the order of CaO 〉 MgO 〉 Fe2 O3 〉 TiO2 〉 SiO2 〉 Al2 O3 〉 MnO. The seven mineral components accounted for 69.4% of the total soil mass. The spatial pat- terns and the fittest models of the seven soil mineral components differed from each other. All the seven soil mineral components had a strong spatial autocorrelation, with shorter variation ranges and stronger spatial dependence. The Kriging contour maps indicated that the distribution patterns of soil SiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, MnO, and TiO2 were similar, being higher in south and east, lower in north and west, higher in depression, and lower in slope, while the distribution patterns of soil CaO and MgO were in adverse. Natural conditions （vegetation, bare rock rate, slope degree, and slope aspect, etc. ） and human disturbance were the most important factors affecting the spatial patterns of the soil mineral components.

关 键 词：空间异质性 地统计学 土壤矿物 小流域 喀斯特 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]