镉对山梨和山荆子叶片气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数的影响  

Influence of Cadmium on the Leaves Gas Exchange and Parameters of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Based on Pyru sussuriensis Maxim. and Malus baccata Linn. Borkh

作　　者：李亚藏[1] 曹玲 王庆成[3] 

机构地区：[1]安阳工学院,安阳455000 [2]河南林业职业学院 [3]东北林业大学

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2013年第11期22-24,55,共4页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30371149);黑龙江省科技计划项目(GCO1KBKB213)

摘　　要：以北方阔叶树种山梨(Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.)和山荆子(Malus baccata(Linn).Borkh.)1年生苗木为材料,采用土壤和风化砂混合物作为盆栽基质,设置0(CK)、10、50、100、200 mg·kg-15种土壤镉质量分数,研究了土壤镉污染对苗木叶片气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明:随着土壤镉质量分数增加,两树种的净光合速率(P n)和瞬时水分利用效率(W U,E)先升后降、气孔导度(G s)持续下降、胞间二氧化碳摩尔分数(C i)先下降后上升,山梨和山荆子蒸腾速率(T r)总体分别为升高、下降,说明镉污染导致两树种P n的下降是由非气孔限制因素所致;随土壤镉质量分数的增加,山梨和山荆子的F v/F m和q N、山梨的F v/F o逐渐降低,二者的ФP,SⅡ和q P、山荆子的F v/F o先升后降,说明镉通过影响光合作用过程的顺利进行而导致P n的下降。综合各项参数分析山荆子对土壤镉的抗性大于山梨,并初步推断100 mg·kg-1Cd2+是山梨和山荆子对土壤镉污染的耐受极限。We studied the influence of soil cadmium pollution on the seedling leaves gas exchange and parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence based on the one-year-old seedlings northern hardwood species Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim. and Malus baccata Linn. Borkh with the mixture of soil and weathered sand as potting, and the soil cadmium separately set 0 （CK） , 10, 50, 100 and 200 mg·kg^-1. The net photosynthetic rate （ Pn ） and instantaneous water efficiency （ Wu,E ） of two species rose and later decreased with increasing of content of soil Cd, but the stomatal conductance （ Gs ） continued to decline. Inter- cellular carbon dioxide content （ Ci ） decreased and then increased. P. ussuriensis Maxim transpiration rate （ Tr） was in- creasing, but M. baccata Linn. Borkh. was on the contrary. Therefore, cadmium pollution can make two species＇ P,, de- cline because of non-stomatal limitation. With the increasing of cadmium content in the soil, two species＇ Fv/Fm and qN, P. ussuriensis Maxim. ＇ s Fv/Fo decreased gradually, but two species＇ ФP,SⅡ and qp, M. baccata Linn. Borkh＇ s Fv/Fo rose and then decreased. Therefore, cadmium can affect photosynthesis process smoothly to cause a decrease of Pn. By comprehensive analysis of various parameters on soil cadmium, M. baccata Linn. Borkh can resist greater than P. ussu- riensis Maxim, and 100 mg·kg^-1Cd2＋ was the soil cadmium tolerance limits.

关 键 词：山梨 山荆子 镉 气体交换 叶绿素荧光 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学] Q945.78[农业科学—园艺学]