陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区苹果叶片的吸水能力  

Water Absorbing Capacity of Apple Leaves in Loess Hilly and Gully Region of Northern Shaanxi Province

作　　者：白岗栓[1,2] 沙磊 李晶晶[1] 张蕊[4] 杜社妮[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国石油长庆油田分公司第五采气厂,内蒙古乌审旗017312 [4]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2013年第5期92-95,108,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目"黄土丘陵沟壑区水土保持与高效农业关键技术集成与示范"(2011BAD31B05);国家自然科学基金项目"黄土丘陵区小流域大气降水-土壤水-地下水转化行为机理研究"(41171421)

摘　　要：为了明确苹果叶片的吸水性能，评价苹果树冠截留及叶片的抗病能力，利用吸水纸吸水和湿棉纱布供水，在陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区测定了富士、秦冠苹果叶片正面、背面及双面的吸水能力。结果表明，2个苹果品种叶片正面、背面、双面的吸水量均随吸水时间的延长而增加，呈一元三次多项式关系；吸水速率则随吸水时间的延长而降低，其中叶片正面的吸水速率与吸水时间均呈一元四次多项式关系，背面、双面均呈一元三次多项式关系，且秦冠叶片正面的吸水速率与吸水时间的相关性较差。富士苹果叶片的正面、背面和双面在O～80min内吸水量及吸水速率较大；秦冠苹果叶片的背面和双面在0～60min内较大，正面在0-240min内变化较小。两个品种叶片的吸水量及吸水速率均表现为双面最高，背面居中，正面最低。富士苹果叶片正面、背面、双面的最大吸水量、最大吸水速率均高于秦冠。In order to clarify the water absorbing capacity of apple leaves and evaluate the crown interception capability and disease resistance of apple leaves, water absorbing quantity and water absorbing rate of front, back and twoside leaves of Fuji and Qinguan apple varieties had been measured using absorbent paper and wet cotton gauze in the loess hilly and gully region of Northern Shaanxi Province. Results showed that the water absorbing quantities of front, back and twoside leaves of two apple varieties increased with absorbing time, presenting a cubic polynomial relation. Water absorbing rates decreased with absorbing time, of which the relationship between water absorbing rate and water absorbing time for the front leaves of two apple vari eties presented a quartic polynomial and the back, the twosided leaves, a cubic polynomial. Furthermore, water absorbing rate and absorbing time for the front leaves of Qinguan apple had a poor correlation. The front, back and twosided leaves of Fuji apple had larger water absorbing quantity and water absorbing rate 80 min after absorbing. The back and twoside leaves of Qinguan apple had larger water absorbing quantity and water absorbing rate 60 min after absorbing, and water absorbing quantity and water absorbing rate of front leaves had little change 240 min after absorbing. The water absorbing quantity and water absorbing rate of two apple varieties leaves were the highest for the twoside leaves, the middle for the back leaves, and the lowest for the front leaves. The maximum water absorbing quantity and maximum water absorbing rate of the front, back and twoside leaves of Fuji apple were higher than Qinguan apple.

关 键 词：黄土丘陵沟壑区 苹果叶片 吸水量 吸水速率 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]