赣江流域水土保持生态建设减水减沙效益评价  

Effects of Runoff and Sediment Reductions by Soil and Water Conservation Measures in Ganjiang Watershed

作　　者：涂安国[1] 杨洁[1] 李英[1] 莫明浩[1] 廖轶群[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西省水土保持科学研究所,江西南昌330029

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2013年第5期148-151,共4页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：水利部公益性行业专项经费项目"水土流失面源污染对鄱阳湖水质影响研究"(201001055);江西省优势科技创新团队计划项目"基于水土保持的鄱阳湖流域水环境安全研究"(20115BCB29022)

摘　　要：利用赣江流域1956—2008年年降雨量和赣江控制站外洲水文站年径流量和年输沙量资料,采用水文分析法计算赣江流域近30a水土保持生态建设的减水减沙效益。结果表明,赣江流域治理后期1984—2008年水土保持生态建设年均减沙量为5.70×106 t,年均减沙效率为48.57%。随着水土保持措施的生效,减沙率有逐年上升而后稳定的趋势,2008年减沙率达80.54%;赣江流域水土保持生态建设对流域年径流总量减少不明显,后期径流量反而会有所增加。水土保持生态建设能增加流域土壤入渗,减少地表径流,削减洪峰流量,延长汇流时间,起到防洪减灾效果。By using hydrological method, the data of annual rainfall, runoff and sediment from 1956 to 2008 were used to calculate the effects of runoff and sediment reductions by soil and water conservation measures in Ganjiang watershed during the recent 30 years. Results show that the average annual sediment into the Poyang Lake was reduced by 5.7 million tons and sediment reduction was about 48.57O/oo after taking soil and water conservation measures. With the role of the soil and water conservation measures played, sediment re duction rate had increased year by year and then held a stable trend; and sediment reduction rate was 80.54% in 2008. The decrease in annual total runoff was not obvious, while runoff at late stage was increasing. Eco logical construction by soil and water conservation could increase the watershed rainfall infiltration, reduce surface runoff, reduce peak flows, extend the convergence time, and play an important role in flood control and disaster mitigation.

关 键 词：水土保持 减水减沙效益 水文法 赣江流域 

分 类 号：P333.4[天文地球—水文科学]