基于能值和DEA的中国城市新陈代谢效率分析  

Chinese Urban Metabolic Efficiencies Based on Emergy and DEA

作　　者：宋涛[1,2,3] 蔡建明[1] 倪攀 杨振山[1] 温婷[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]哈佛大学 [4]达华工程管理集团有限公司,北京100005

出　　处：《资源科学》2013年第11期2166-2173,共8页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:40971100)

摘　　要：本文运用能值理论及数据包络分析方法(DEA)系统研究了2010年和2000年中国31个案例城市的新陈代谢效率特征及发展机制。结果显示,中西部城市的非可再生资源能值占系统能值总量的比例较高;而上海、北京、深圳等经济发达城市则以进出口能值为主要构成成分。2010年上海、北京、广州、深圳、沈阳、西安、杭州和海口8个案例城市达到新陈代谢效率的DEA有效,其它23个非DEA有效的城市中,绝大多数的非可再生资源投入冗余率、废弃物投入冗余率和出口改善率有待提高。此外,对城市新陈代谢效率的机制分析表明,产业结构、城市化、经济发展和人口集聚要素对于城市新陈代谢效率具有较为显著的正面影响,未来应有的放矢地从以上方面调控城市新陈代谢效率。Based on emergy theory and DEA, we interpreted urban metabolic efficiencies and mechanisms of 31 Chinese cities for the years 2000 and 2010. The results show that nonrenewable emergy of urban metabolic systems in central-western cities accounted for a higher proportion of total emergy, especially for the resource-based industrial cities like Chongqing and Shijiazhuang. Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen and other economically developed cities had a larger share of import and export emergy. In 2010, Shanghai, Beijing, Shenyang, Hangzhou, Shenzhen and other cities in 31 case cities reached the DEA efficient. However, most of the urban metabolic systems with non-DEA-efficiency had great amounts of non-renewable resource, waste and export slacks. This indicates that the majority of cities highlight the characteristics of economic extensive development. Compared with economic outputs, the resource and energy inputs were excessive with too many environmental emissions. These cities should improve urban metabolism efficiency by reducing the intensity of resource and energy consumption and pollution emissions. Industrial structure, urbanization, economic development and population concentration play a key role in improving urban metabolic efficiencies, which should be emphasized through regulations and policy. Land development intensity and energy consumption levels are negatively correlated with urban metabolism efficiency. Further research should focus on the systematic simulation of the dynamic and complex urban metabolic system, metabolic differences between industrial and spatial dynamics, and urban metabolic policies and strategies.

关 键 词：城市新陈代谢 能值理论 DEA 代谢效率 机制分析 

分 类 号：F299.2[经济管理—国民经济] F224F206