基于免棱镜全站仪的岩体边坡控制测量及结构面产状检验测量  

Control surveying of rock mass slope and orientation validation measurement of discontinuities based on reflectorless total station instrument

作　　者：王凤艳[1,2] 黄润秋[2] 陈剑平[3] 杨国东[1] 牛雪峰[1] 韩东亮[1] 马丽霞[4] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学地球探测科学与技术学院,长春130026 [2]成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室,成都610059 [3]吉林大学建设工程学院,长春130026 [4]吉林建筑大学城建学院,长春130111

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（工学版）》2013年第6期1607-1614,共8页Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41072196;40872170);成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLGP2013K018)

摘　　要：以长春市杨家沟采石场边坡为对象,研究了边坡控制测量中控制点的布设、点位选取原则、免棱镜全站仪极坐标测量方法及基于误差理论的点位精度评定,获取了边坡坡面控制点的三维坐标及精度,进一步将控制测量数据用于边坡的三维建模并评定了模型的点位测量精度。对于产状检验测量,应用免棱镜全站仪测取结构面上不在同一直线上的点坐标,运用立体几何及方位概念建立了基于空间坐标的产状解算模型,获取结构面产状。通过免棱镜全站仪三点法和四点法产状测量的对比分析以及四点法与罗盘产状测量的对比分析,验证了四点法产状测量的有效性及可靠性。最后以四点法测取的人员难以攀及的高陡边坡结构面产状为标准,与数字近景摄影测量建立边坡立体模型下解译的产状做对比分析,获取了数字近景摄影测量解译产状的实际精度。研究表明了免棱镜全站仪在岩体边坡控制测量中的可行性、数字近景摄影测量建立边坡立体模型的准确性以及获取结构面产状信息的可靠性。Yangjiagou Quarry slope situated in Changchun was selected as subject investigated. The layout and selection rules of control points, polar coordinate measurement with reflectorless Total Station Instrument（TSI） and the position precision assessment based on error theory were studied in control surveying. Also, the 3 D coordinates and precision indices of slope control points were obtained. Furthermore, the control point results were applied to 3 D slope modeling and position precision of the models was assessed. For orientation validation measurement, a set of points not on the same line of slope discontinuities were measured with reflectorless TSI. Using spatial geometry and azimuth concepts, an orientation calculation model based on spatial coordinates was established and discontinuity orientations were obtained. Orientation measurements of four-point method with reflectorless TSI were compared with that of three-point method with reflectorless TSI and compass measurements, the results shows that the four-point method is effective and reliable. Thus, orientations obtained with four-point method were served as the standard to compare with ones interpreted from 3 D slope model with digital close range photogrammetry（DCRP） for the steep slope and the orientation measurement precision of discontinuities based on DCRP were evaluated. This study demonstrates the feasibility of rock mass slope control surveying with reflectorless TSI, the accuracy of 3 D slope modeling and the reliability of orientation information acquisition of discontinuities with DCRP .

关 键 词：工程测量技术 数字近景摄影测量 控制测量 产状测量 精度分析 免棱镜全站仪 岩体边坡 

分 类 号：TU452[建筑科学—岩土工程]