杂色鲍野生群体与养殖群体自交和杂交子一代的育苗及工厂化养殖  

Larval Breeding and Commercial Scale Culture of F_1 Abalones from Selfing of and Crossing Between the Wild Population (Haliotis diversicolor) and the Cultured Population of H. diversicolor supertexta

作　　者：包秀凤[1] 刘建勇[1] 杜涛[2] 

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学水产学院,广东湛江524025 [2]广东海洋大学高新科技园,广东湛江524025

出　　处：《热带生物学报》2013年第3期203-208,共6页Journal of Tropical Biology

基　　金：广西壮族自治区科技厅科学研究与技术开发计划项目(0992025-23);广东省海洋与渔业局海洋渔业推广专项项目(A200899E04);广东省海洋渔业科技推广专项科技攻关与研发项目(A201101B05;A201001H05)

摘　　要：利用采自越南海域的杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor)野生群体(Y)及取自湛江海域的九孔鲍(H.diversicolor supertexta)养殖群体(Z)进行群体间的杂交和群体内自繁,并对子一代F1的育苗及工厂化养殖效果进行比较。结果表明:各交配组合F1代的受精率、孵化率及幼体附着率均无显著差异(P>0.05);稚鲍培育期及工厂化养殖过程中,正交与反交组合F1代的壳长和成活率均显著大于自交组合组(P<0.05);受精360 d后,正、反交组合野生鲍自繁(YY)及养殖鲍自繁(ZZ)F1代的壳长分别为(51.6±6.8)mm,(49.9±6.7)mm,(44.3±5.4)mm,(41.7±4.6)mm,成活率分别为(87.8±5.0)%,(89.2±4.4)%,(54.5±2.8)%,(73.1±2.4)%;野生鲍自繁(YY)F1代的壳长显著大于养殖鲍自繁(ZZ)组(P<0.05),但成活率显著低于养殖鲍自繁(ZZ)组。杂交组合所显示出的良好的杂种优势和对环境的适应能力表明,群体间的杂交将可能是养殖杂色鲍遗传改良的有效途径。The growth and survival of the first generation of abalones from inbreeding of and crossing between a wild abalone （Hailiois diversicolor） population sampled from Vietnam （Y） and a cultured population sampled from Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province （Z） in intensive culture conditions were compared. The results showed that there were no significant differences in fertilization rate, hatching rate and larval settlement rate （P 〉 0.05 ）. However, the cross combinations showed heterosis in larval metamorphosis rate, survival rate and growth at early juvenile, late juvenile and grow-out stages as compared to the self-fertilized groups. The larval metamor- phosis rates of direct crossing group YZ, reverse crossing group ZY and YY group were significantly higher than those of the ZZ group. The first generations of the two cross combinations were always significantly higher in shell length and survival rate than those of the two self-fertilized groups at juvenile and grow-out stages （ P 〈 0.05 ）. At the last sampling date 360 days after fertilization, the YZ, ZY, YY and ZZ groups had the respective shell length of （51.6 ±6.8） mm, （49.9 ±6.7）mm, （44.3 ±5.4） mm and （41.7±4.6） mm, and the respective survival rates of （87.8±5.0）% , （89.2 ±4.4） % , （54.5 ±2.8）% and （73.1 ±2.4）%. The shell length of the YY group was significantly higher than that of the ZZ group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. However, the survival rate of the YY group was lower than that of the ZZ group （P 〈 0.05）. The good hetorosis and environmental adaptation of these cross combinations indicated that the cross between genetically different stocks may be an effective way for genetic improvement of small abalone H. diversieolor.

关 键 词：杂色鲍 杂交 杂种优势 

分 类 号：S967.7[农业科学—水产养殖]