湖沼型血吸虫病流行区高危传播环境快速评估体系的构建和应用Ⅱ现场调查方法的制定和应用  

Establishment and application of rapid assessment system of environment with high transmission risk of schistosomiasis in marshland and lake regions II Establishment and application of measures for field survey

作　　者：曹淳力[1] 鲍子平[1] 祝红庆[1] 贾铁武[1] 余晴[1] 秦志强[1] 梁幼生[2] 钟波[3] 任光辉[4] 黄希宝[5] 林丹丹 张世清[7] 许静[1] 李石柱[1] 郭家钢[1] 周晓农[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所,卫生部寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室,世界卫生组织疟疾、血吸虫病和丝虫病合作中心,上海200025 [2]江苏省血吸虫病防治研究所 [3]四川省疾病预防控制中心 [4]湖南省血吸虫病防治所 [5]湖北省疾病预防控制中心 [6]江西省寄生虫病防治研究所 [7]安徽省血吸虫病防治研究所

出　　处：《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》2013年第5期451-456,共6页Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control

基　　金：世界卫生组织2012-2013双年度项目(WPCHN1206288);2012年度上海市卫生局青年科研项目(173)

摘　　要：目的根据湖沼型血吸虫病流行区高危传播环境快速评估指标体系,制定血吸虫病现场调查方法并评估其应用效果。方法2012年在湖南、湖北、江西和安徽4省选取60个行政村采用系统抽样法调查螺情,并在钉螺调查环境采用塑料杯顶管孵化法(1粪3检)调查野粪感染情况;采用整群随机抽样调查人群感染情况,方法为先采取血清学筛查,阳性者再用尼龙绢集卵孵化法粪检(1粪3检),每个评估村调查人数不少于300人;采用塑料杯顶管孵化法(1粪3检)调查评估村全部耕牛血吸虫感染情况。结果在4省60个评估村中,共调查了65处野粪环境,78.46%(51/65)的环境发现野粪,野粪阳性率为1.07%(9/842)。73.33%(44/60)的行政村有存栏家畜(耕牛),存栏家畜数最多的为江西省南昌县五丰村(329头);共调查了3 242头家畜(牛),感染率为1.51%(49/3 242),家畜感染率最高为江西省永修县同兴村(4%)。共调查47 099人,人群血吸虫感染率为0.77%(364/47 099),最高为4.37%(湖南省华容县畜牧场村),有43.33%(26/60)的行政村人群血吸虫感染率为0;所有评估村2011和2012年均未发生急性血吸虫感染。在60个评估村中共调查了77处钉螺环境,其中洲滩环境51处,沟渠环境26处。51处洲滩环境中,5.88%(3/51)的环境查到感染性钉螺,80.39%(41/51)的环境查到活螺,最高活螺平均密度为3.20只/0.1 m2(湖南省华容县幸福乡畜牧场村),感染性钉螺平均密度为0.000 45只/0.1 m2(4/8 942),感染性钉螺分布在湖北省洪湖市刘家堤村和六合村及安徽省贵池区江口村。26处沟渠环境中,未查到感染性钉螺;53.85%(14/26)的环境中查获活螺,最高活螺平均密度为3.76只/0.1 m2(湖北省嘉鱼县花口村)。结论建立了较为完善的血吸虫病现场调查方法,有助于科学、客观、快速地评估湖沼型疫区高危传播环境血吸虫病传播风险。Objective To establish the measures of schistosomiasis field survey and evaluate the efficacy of their application according to the content of indexes of rapid assessment system to high transmission risks in schistosomiasis endemic areas of lake regions. Methods In 2012, based on the analysis of Oncomelania hupensis snail situation, and schistosomiasis epidemic data of human and cattle from 2008-2010, 60 villages from HuMan, Hubei, Jiangxi and Anhui provinces were selected and investigated, and the content of the investigation included the field feces, snail status, and epidemic situation of human and cattle. The systemic sampling was applied for snail investigation; the feces collected from snail investigation field were examined by the hatching test （3 bottles for 1 sample）. A cluster random sampling was carried out with more than 300 people in each village. By using the hatch- ing test （3 bottles for 1 sample）, the human stool examination was carried out for the identification of the infected persons who were positive in the immunity test screening. The hatching test was applied for cattle of all the villages （3 bottles for 1 sample）. Re- suits A total of 65 field feces spots were surveyed in 60 villages, field feces were found in 78.46% （51/65） of spots, and the positive rate of field feces was 1.07%（9/842）. There were 73.33%（44/60）of villages with cattle, and the largest amount cattle with 329 was found in Wufeng Village, Jiangxi Province. The cattle infection rate was 1.51%（49/3 242） in 3 242 investigated cattle. The highest cattle infection rate was 4% in Tongxin Village, Jiangxi Province. The population of 47 099 was surveyed, the infection rate was 0.77% （364/47 099）, and the highest was 4.37% in Xumuchang Village, HuMan Province. The infection rate was 0 in 43.33% （26/60） of villages. No acute schistosomiasis cases were reported in all the villages in 2011 and 2012. Totally, 77 snail spots in 60 villages were investigated, and 51 spots were marshland and 26 spots were

关 键 词：血吸虫病 传播 高危环境 现场调查 湖沼型地区 

分 类 号：R532.21[医药卫生—内科学]