民主政治视域下的拉美新左翼政权  

Latin-America New Left-wing Political Power from Democratic Political Perspective

作　　者：成晓叶[1] 

机构地区：[1]中共江苏省委党校科社教研部,江苏南京210013

出　　处：《中国浦东干部学院学报》2013年第5期87-94,共8页Journal of China Executive Leadership Academy Pudong

基　　金：江苏省社科规划项目"社会主义民主协商制度研究"(项目编号13WTB013)阶段性成果

摘　　要：在世界范围内社会主义运动长期陷入低潮之时,拉丁美洲这幅西半球大陆的政治图谱开始显现出代表中左翼意识形态的"粉色"印记。这一"粉色"印记让长期陷入低潮的社会主义运动从灰色转变成了粉色,而不是由苏联、中国、古巴、朝鲜等国所代表的"红色"印记。这种"红"与"粉色"的区别最主要还是在执政途径的区别上。拉丁美洲新左翼政权全部通过民主选举方式完成,这一嬗变也具有一定的必然性:首先,拉美老左翼执政范式的失效为拉美新左翼政权敲响了警钟;其次,民主体制已经深深扎根于拉美大地;新自由主义框架下民主政治的失效也为拉美左翼执政党上台铺平了道路。此外,民主政治在拉丁美洲与左翼政权之间存在着特殊的关系,民主机制的强弱能够区分出拉美激进左翼与温和左翼;其次,由于多数左翼政权诉诸全民参与的直接民主,一些少数民族与妇女的权益得到有效的保护,因此民主并没有在左翼政权中呈现冷漠的态势,取而代之的是对民主制度更高的满意程度以及参与程度更高的民主机制。巴西、委内瑞拉、厄瓜多尔以及玻利维亚等国左翼政党领袖上台后,纷纷提出社会主义的口号以及推行类似于"社会主义"概念的相关政策,也证实了学术界关于"民主扼杀资本主义论"的存在。When worldwide socialistic movement is having its hard time, the political spectrum of Latin America in west hemisphere starts to display ＂pink＂ mark representing middle and left wing ideology. The ＂pink＂ mark turns the socialistic movement in depression from pale to pink, but not the ＂red＂ mark representing by Soviet Union, China, Cuba and North Korea. The difference between the ＂red＂ mark and the ＂pink＂ mark mainly lies in the different means of assuming power. The new left-wing political power of Latin America assumes their power through democratic election, which has its inevitability to some extent. First the failure of old left-wing political power of Latin America strikes alarms for the new left-wing political power of Latin America; second, democratic system has rooted deeply on earth of Latin America and the failure of democratic politics under new liberalism framework paves the way for the left-wing ruling party to come to the political stage. Democratic politics has a special bond with left-wing political power in Latin America. The democratic system can differentiate radical left wing from mild left wing in Latin America. Since most left-wing political power encourages all citizens participating in direct democratic activities, rights of minor nationalities and women are effectively protected. Therefore, democracy does not appear to be cold in left-wing political powers. Instead, there are more satisfactions about and more participation in democratic system. Left-wing party leaders in Brazil, Venezuela, Ecuador and Bolivia put forward socialism slogans after assuming power and carry related policies similar to socialism concepts. This proves the existence of the hypothesis of scholars about ＂democratic destroys capitalism＂.

关 键 词：拉美新左翼政权 民主政治 社会主义 

分 类 号：D5[政治法律—政治学]