指状青霉Penicillium digitatum侵染柑橘果实的细胞学研究  

A cytological study on infection of citrus fruits by Penicillium digitatum

作　　者：韩青梅[1] 赵华[1] 成玉林[1] 姚娟妮[1] 黄丽丽[1] 康振生[1] 

机构地区：[1]旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《菌物学报》2013年第6期967-977,共11页Mycosystema

基　　金：高等学校学科创新引智计划(No.B07049)

摘　　要：采用电子显微镜技术系统研究了指状青霉Penicillium digitatum对柑橘果实的侵染过程及超微结构特征。结果表明室温条件下,接种12h后,伤口附近的分生孢子开始萌发产生芽管;然后从伤口处直接侵入果实表皮细胞内;接种24h后,受侵染果实细胞中的菌丝向相邻细胞扩展蔓延,寄主细胞壁开始消解,质壁分离,细胞内含物及各类细胞器凝集,颜色加深,最后完全消解,伤口部位的果皮开始变软,伤口处的菌丝向外生长;84h后伤口处病斑软化,部分长出白色的霉层;96h后病斑软化面积直径达3cm,白色霉层面积逐渐扩大;120h后白色霉层中间伤口处霉层颜色加深变为灰绿色;144h后整个果实变软腐烂。果胶质标记结果表明,菌丝侵入果实后产生果胶酶并降解柑橘细胞壁中的果胶,使得细胞壁松弛,软化腐烂。The infection process and ultra-structure of Penicillium digitatum on citrus fruits were observed by electron microscopy. The results showed that conidia around the wound germinated and produced germ tubes to penetrate the fruit pericarp cells through the wound 12hal （hours after inoculation） at room temperature. After then this pathogen extended into the sarcocarp cells, and gradually invaded the adjacent cells 24hai. With the invasion of the pathogen, the host cell wall started to be decomposed; the cells became plasmolysed; cell inclusions and organelles were coagulated, dark, and digested. Finally, the pericarp near the wound became soft and the hyphae grew out from the wound. The white mold appeared on the soften lesion 84hai. The lesions expanded gradually with about 3era in diameter 96hal. About 120hai, the color of the moldchanged to grayish green, and the whole fruit became rotted 144hai. The result of pectin labeling showed that the pectinase was produced by this pathogen to digest the pectin in the host cell wall, leading to cell wall looseness and, consequently, the whole fruit was rotted.

关 键 词：柑橘 指状青霉 超微结构 侵染过程 

分 类 号：S436.66[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]