广西各类毒物致急性中毒分析  

Analysis of characteristics of acute poisoning caused by various poisons in Guangxi, China

作　　者：胡德宏[1] 张振明[1] 刘清华[1] 蒋东方[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区职业病防治研究院,南宁530021

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2013年第11期839-842,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：广西壮族自治区卫生厅重点项目（重200932）

摘　　要：目的探讨广西各类毒物致急性中毒的发病特点。方法回顾性调查了11个市63家医院的5859例急性中毒病例与相关的531种毒物；将毒物分为6类，并在各类毒物中按城乡发病、不同中毒频率与原因分组作中毒病例数与构成比分析。结果医药类（217种）、农药类（148种）的毒物数最多，2类共占总毒物数的68．74％。以农药类（2547例）、化学类（1064例）致中毒病例数最多，2类毒物致中毒病例数共占总病例数的61．63％。农村中毒组以农药类、植物类与动物类毒物致病例数最高，分别占同类毒物致中毒病例数的88．46％、79．10％、66．74％；城镇中毒组以化学类、医药类、其他类毒物致中毒病例数最高，分别占同类毒物致中毒病例数的70．20％、61．74％、63．73％。各类毒物均以5年中毒组病例数最高，分别占同类毒物致中毒病例数的85．24％、88．57％、55．16％、70．79％、68．36％、66．44％。化学类、动物类、其他类毒物均以意外原因致中毒病例数最高，分别占同类毒物致中毒病例数的86．24％、72．66％、46．71％；农药类和医药类毒物均以自杀原因致中毒病例数最高，分别占同类毒物病例数的59．39％、33．52％；植物类毒物以误食原因致中毒病例数最高，占同类毒物病例数的70．36％。结论广西地区引起急性中毒的主要毒物为农药类、化学类，这些毒物主要由意外、误食与自杀原因引起中毒，在城乡间具有明显差别。Objective To investigate the characteristics of acute poisonings caused by various poisons in Guangxi, China. Methods A retrospective investigation was performed in 5859 cases of acute poisonings who were admitted to 63 hospitals in 11 cities, as well as 531 types of poisons involved. The poisons were categorized into 6 groups; each group of cases was stratified by the rural or urban settings, frequency of poisoning, and cause of poisoning to analyze the numbers of cases and constituent ratios. Results Most types of poisons （68.74%） belonged to drugs （217 types） and pesticides （148 types）. Most cases of poisonings （61.63%） were caused by pesticides （n=2547） and chemicals （n=1064）. Pesticides, poisons of plant origins, and poisons of animal origins were responsible for most of the cases in rural settings; 88.46%, 79.10%, and 66.74% of the cases of these poison categories happened in rural settings. Chemicals, drugs, and other poisons were responsible for most of the cases in urban settings; 70.20%, 61.74%, and 63.73% of the cases of these poison categories happened in urban settings. The numbers of cases in 5-year-poisoning groups were the highest in all categories of poisons, accounting for 85.24%, 88.57%, 55.16%, 70.79%, 68.36%, and 66.44% of cases of respective categories. Most cases of poisonings by chemicals, poisons of animal origin, and other poisons were accident-related （86.24%, 72.66%, and 46.71% of the poison categories）. Most cases of poisonings by pesticides and drugs were suicide- related （59.39% and 33.52% of the poison categories）. Most cases by poisons of plant origin were caused by accidental ingestion （70.36% of the poison category）. Conclusion Most of the acute poisonings in Guangxi area are caused by pesticides and chemicals; the most common causes of poisoning are accidents, accidental ingestion, and suicide. There are significant differences in the causes of acute poisonings between the urban and rural settings.

关 键 词：广西 中毒 农药 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]