高比能锂硫二次电池的电解质材料  

Electrolyte materials for high energy density lithium-sulfur secondary battery

作　　者：陈人杰[1,2] 刘真[1] 李丽[1,2] 吴锋[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学化工与环境学院,环境科学工程北京重点实验室,北京100081 [2]国家高技术绿色材料发展中心,北京100081

出　　处：《科学通报》2013年第32期3301-3311,共11页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2009CB220100);科技部国际合作项目(2010DFB63370);国家高技术研究发展计划(2011AA11A256);国家自然科学基金(21373028);北京市科技新星计划(2010B018)资助

摘　　要：近年来,锂硫二次电池由于其理论容量高、原材料来源广泛、价格低廉及对环境友好等优点受到了广泛的关注,有望成为下一代储能体系最具潜力的候选者.但研究表明,锂硫二次电池在放电过程中产生的中间多硫化物在电解液中极易溶解,由此引起飞梭效应的发生,一方面导致了活性物质的损失;另一方面使库仑效应变低并引起电池循环性能的急剧衰减.因此,缓解多硫化物在电解质中的溶解,抑制飞梭效应的发生可有效地改善锂硫电池的整体性能.本文主要针对目前可面向锂硫二次电池有效应用的新型电解质做了较为全面的阐述,涵盖了包括有机液体电解质、离子液体电解质、全固态聚合物电解质、凝胶聚合物电解质、微孔聚合物电解质、复合聚合物电解质以及玻璃陶瓷电解质等体系,并对其未来发展前景做了展望.Rechargeable Li-S secondary batteries have received ever-increasing attention recently due to their high theoretical specific energy density, wide material sources, low cost and being environmental friendly. Thus, the Li-S battery is becoming the most promising candidate for energy storage devices. But the current research shows that the polysulfides formed as intermediates during the discharge process can dissolve easily into the electrolyte, which will result in shuttle phenomenon. On the one hand, the high solubility of polysulfides leads to the loss of active material; on the other hand, the shuttle mechanism results in reduced columbic efficiency and poor cycle ability. So suppressing the polysulfides dissolution along with inhibiting the occurrence of shuttle phenomenon can effectively improve the whole performance of lithium sulfur battery. In this paper, the electrolytes used effectively in Li-S batteries are reviewed in detail including the organic liquid electrolytes, ionic liquids electrolytes, solid-state electrolytes, gel-like electrolytes, microporous polymer electrolytes, composite-solid polymer electrolytes along with the glass-ceramic electrolytes. Furthermore, the possible development prospects are also discussed.

关 键 词：锂硫二次电池 电解质 多硫化物 飞梭效应 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]