纳米线电化学储能材料与器件  

Nanowire device for electrochemical energy storage

作　　者：麦立强[1] 陈丹丹[1] 赵康宁[1] 陈施谕 魏湫龙 陈伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]材料复合新技术国家重点实验室,武汉理工大学-哈佛大学纳米联合重点实验室,武汉理工大学

出　　处：《科学通报》2013年第32期3312-3327,共16页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2013CB934103;2012CB933003);国家国际合作专项(2013DFA50840);国家自然科学基金(51072153;51272197);新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-10-0661);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(2012-Ⅱ-001)资助

摘　　要：减少容量衰减、提高能量密度及倍率性能是当前电化学储能器件发展的国际性难题,研发新型高性能纳米储能材料及其器件是解决这一难题和发展高功率密度、高能量密度及高循环稳定性的下一代动力电池的有效途径之一.纳米线电极材料因具有独特的各向异性、快速的轴向电子传输和径向离子扩散等特性使其在纳米线储能器件的组装、原位表征等方面有着块体材料所不具有的独特优势.本文结合当前最新的研究进展和本课题组的研究工作,介绍了通过设计组装单根纳米线全固态电化学储能器件,结合原位表征技术,揭示了电化学储能器件容量衰减与电极材料电导率降低、结构劣化之间的内在规律.基于该规律,一方面从改善纳米线电极材料本征性能入手,提出并实现了纳米线化学预嵌入、拓扑取代、取向有序化等性能优化策略,显著提高了电极材料的电导率及其电化学储能器件的循环稳定性和倍率特性;另一方面从抑制纳米线电极结构劣化入手,设计构筑了纳米线分级结构和一维自缓冲纳米杂化结构,并对其构筑原理进行了研究,显著增加纳米线的比表面积和电化学活性位点,大幅提高了纳米线储能器件的能量密度、功率密度以及器件可靠性,为纳米线电化学储能器件的发展和应用奠定基础.Reducing capacity fading, increasing energy density and improving rate capability are the worldwide challenges in the development of electrochemical energy storage devices. Developing novel high-performance nanomaterials and devices is one of the effective solutions to overcome the challenges and explore the next-generation power batteries with high power density, high energy density and excellent cycling performance. Compared with bulk materials, nanowire electrode materials have more advantages in the assembly and in situ characterization of electrochemical devices for energy storage since unique anisotropy, fast axial electron transport and radial ion diffusion. Based on the new advance in this field and Mai group＇s work, we review that the single nanowire solid-state electrochemical device is designed and assembled, revealing the intrisinic principles of capacity fading with the decreasing of conductivity and deterioration of the structure through in situ characterization. Following the above discovery, chemical pre-intercalation and topotactical substitution as well as orderly oriented assembly are provided to improve the conductivity of the electrode materials, cycling stability and rate performance of the electrochemical devices by optimizing the intrinsic transport properties of the electrodes. In addition, hierarchical structure and one-dimensional buffer-effect hybrid structure are designed and constructed, which increase the specific surface area, active sites and minimized the structure degradation of nanowire during cycles, resulting in the enhancement of energy density, power density and lifespan. The above results lay a foundation for the development and applications of large-scale energy storage device and microdevices and even nanodevices.

关 键 词：纳米线 储能器件 本征输运性能优化 结构构筑 原位表征 

分 类 号：TB383.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TB34