信息哲学的抽象层次法  

The Method of Levels of Abstraction for the Philosophy of Information

作　　者：L弗洛里迪 陈鹏[1] 刘钢(译)[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学信息科学院 [2]中国社会科学院哲学研究所

出　　处：《世界哲学》2013年第6期126-145,共20页World Philosophy

摘　　要：在哲学分析中,"抽象层次"(层次论)近来遭到批判。在本文中,我认为只需要对认识论层次论稍加修正,就可以形成一种称为认识论的抽象层次论的重要方法,即所谓的"抽象层次法"。在"引言"之后,我在"定义和例子"这一节中澄清了抽象层次作为一种认识论方法的本质及其应用性。在"抽象层次的经典应用"一节,我以康德的"纯粹理性的二律背反"为例,介绍这种新方法在哲学中的丰富用途。在"抽象法的哲学"一节中,我将其与其他三种形式的"层次论"进行了详细说明和区分,参与比较的其他三种形式的"层次论"分别是:(1)组织层次;(2)解释层次;(3)概念图式。与此同时,我还简要地阐述了与相对主义和反实在论相关的一些问题。最后的结论部分讨论了一些未尽的工作,抽象层次法的两个潜在局限性,并介绍了应用抽象法后所解决的一些由来已久的哲学问题的成果。In this paper,I argue that a refined version of epistemological levelism as a fundamental method for the philosophy of information,called the method of levels of abstraction.After a brief introduction,the nature and applicability of the epistemological method of levels of abstraction is clarified.Then philosophical fruitfulness of the new method is shown by using Kant's classic discussion of the 'antinomies of pure reason' as an example.The method is further specified and supported by distinguishing it from three other forms of 'levelism';(i) levels of organisation;(ii) levels of explanation and(iii) conceptual schemes.At last I discuss some of the work that lies ahead,two potential limitations of the method and some results that have already been obtained by applying the method to some long- standing philosophical problems.

关 键 词：抽象 抽象层次 抽象梯度 层次论 观测量 立场 

分 类 号：N021[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]