英国国家公园管理体系评述  

Review on the Management System of National Parks in Great Britain

作　　者：王应临[1] 杨锐[2] 埃卡特.兰格 

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑学院景观学系 [2]清华大学建筑学院 [3]谢菲尔德大学景观系 [4]欧洲环境局科学委员会 [5]欧洲环境局景观研究所

出　　处：《中国园林》2013年第9期11-19,共9页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号81278266);“住房和城乡建设部城市建设司、城乡规划管理中心以及联合国教科文组织驻华代表处联合委托课题‘世界自然地保护管理规划规范预研究’”共同资助

摘　　要：英国国家公园以乡村为主,属于半自然景观。国家公园设立的目标有2个:保护与优化自然美景、野生生物和文化遗产;为公众理解和欣赏特殊品质提供机会。自20世纪20年代末开始讨论国家公园可行性以来,英国在近100年内形成了较为实用且成熟的国家公园管理体系,尤其在处理公园自然性与生产性、公共性与私有性2个矛盾方面有突出表现。中国国家级风景名胜区与英国国家公园在规模和定位等方面存在相似性,但中国在如何处理风景区内人(居民和游客)与自然的关系方面尚存在很多问题,表现为景区内居民与游客人口规模发展过快、居民点和旅游设施建设不当等。对英国国家公园管理体系进行的较全面的介绍和评述,可为解决中国风景名胜区的现状问题提供一些线索与思路。British National Parks are mostly located in the countryside,i.e.more like a semi-natural landscape.There are two purposes of National Parks： to conserve and enhance the natural beauty,wildlife and cultural heritage of the National Parks;to promote opportunities for the public understanding and enjoyment of the special qualities of the parks.Since the 1920s,the possibility of designated National Parks has been discussed.Within a period of nearly 100 years,the management system of National Parks in Great Britain has matured and has become effective,especially regarding the conflicts between naturalness and productiveness as well as private ownership and public use.China＇s National Parks are similar with Great Britain in the facets of purpose,scale and resident population.Currently,there are some problems for China＇s National Parks in terms of dealing with the relationship between human use（residents and tourists） and nature.In particular,residents and tourists＇ populations have increased considerably leading to growth of settlements as well as construction of new tourism infrastructure.This paper has reviewed the management system of National Parks in Great Britain,and then looks at ways to solve some of the problems in China＇s National Parks.

关 键 词：风景园林 国家公园 英国 管理体系 风景名胜区 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]