解决水利纠纷与民间水渠管理的技术活动——晋南旱作山区使用古代水利碑的三个例子及其近现代节水管理技术和现代水费管理  

The Technical System of a Rural Canal to Solve the Local Water Conservancy Dispute and its Domestic Water Management——Three Cases on Ancient Water Conservancy Steles in Jinnan Dry Mountain Area and Modern Water Conservation and Charge Management

作　　者：董晓萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学民俗典籍文字研究中心,北京100875

出　　处：《河北广播电视大学学报》2013年第5期1-15,共15页Journal of Hebei Radio & TV University

摘　　要：一般研究华北缺水自然环境中的农业水利活动时,比较关注农村的社会关系,将之作为观察农民解决缺水问题的途径,如怎样处理水利纠纷及其地方文化传统;但实际上,农村水渠管理的技术活动是同样不能被忽略的。山西四社五村正是这样一个个案。当地农民管理水渠是一套适应自然地理因素和地方民俗文化传统的生态文化活动。缺水农民的社会关系并不是很紧张的,在他们的观念中,水渠的社会管理与技术活动同样重要,其中技术活动还有相对独立性,因为它要适合水性、善于利用水环境,并懂得水渠工程的使用规律,这点与管理土地和管理粮食不同。几百年来,当地农民在自己的水渠管理传统中生产生活,在极端干旱的环境中,建立了一个合作节约用水社区。从社会史和水渠技术管理两方面考察这类个案,会对华北缺水地区的用水文化建设有一定启示性。When scholars conduct research on the rural water conservancy activities in North China, where water shortage is very severe, it is very likely to focus on the social relationship among the peasants who share this water recourse, and its local tradition and peasants contract to solve the water conservancy dispute, but the technical system of rural canal management should not be ignored. In Sishe Wucun （four communities and five villages）, a domestic water control community including 15 villages held by a peasant organization located in a mountain area of South Shanxi Province, the rural canal management carries out a set of eco-cultural activities which are adaptable to the natural geographical elements and local culture tra- dition. The social relation of these peasants who need water badly is not that tense. In their view, social management of the canal is equally important as technical activities. Because it should be suitable for the nature of waters, be good at using water environment and understand the utilization law of the canal engi- neering, which is different from the management of land and food, whereas technical activities have rela- tive independence. For centuries, local farmers live and work in their traditional canal management, and have established a cooperative water conservation community in extreme arid environment. This case study in the perspectives of social history and the canal technical management will have some revelatory to water culture in North China water shortage areas.

关 键 词：华北民间水治 晋南山区四社五村 水渠管理 供水量 需水量 

分 类 号：TV211.3[水利工程—水文学及水资源]