1961-2010年新疆雷暴时空分布及其变化特征  

Temporal-Spatial Distribution and Variation Characteristics of the Thunderstorms in Xinjiang During 1961-2010

作　　者：霍广勇[1] 江远安[2] 史红政[3] 余行杰[2] 王红[1] 邵伟玲 

机构地区：[1]新疆防雷减灾中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]新疆气候中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [3]新疆气象局,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2013年第5期1156-1164,共9页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201334);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201206026);全球变化研究国家重大科学研究计划项目(2010CB951001)资助

摘　　要：利用新疆1961-2010年资料完整的89个气象观测站的雷暴观测资料, 应用数理统计、线性趋势分析等方法, 对新疆雷暴的时空分布和变化特征进行了分析.结果表明： 新疆雷暴分布地域性强, 年雷暴日数山区多于平原, 北部多于南部, 西部多于东部, 天山西段及其两侧是呈带状分布的年雷暴日数分别在46~84 d、25~35 d之间的多雷区和中雷区, 其中, 伊犁河谷的昭苏是新疆年雷暴日数最多的地方, 达83.7 d;雷暴季节性显著, 主要集中在夏季, 占全年的77%, 寒冷的冬季很少出现;月雷暴日数呈现单峰型分布, 7月达到最大值, 全疆平均雷暴日数为6.1 d;雷暴初日普遍出现在2-4月, 雷暴终日出现在9-12月.1961-2010年新疆及其北疆、天山山区、南疆各分区年平均雷暴日数均显著减少, 减少速率分别为1.28、1.53、1.90、0.82 d·（10a）-1;空间分布表现为1961-2010年全疆大部分地区呈减少趋势, 北疆减少趋势大于南疆, 仅天山山区及其两侧以及南疆西部的个别地方呈弱的增加趋势;年代际变化趋势总体表现为逐年代减少;春、夏、秋季雷暴日数均呈现减少趋势, 夏季减少趋势最明显, 其空间分布与年雷暴日数相似;新疆及其各分区月雷暴日数以减少趋势为主.Using the thunderstorm observation data from 89 meteorological stations of Xinjiang during 1961-2010 and the methods of mathematical statistics and linear trend analysis, in this paper, the temporal-spatial distribution and variation characteristics of thunderstorms in Xinjiang are analyzed. The results show that the distribution of thunderstorms in Xinjiang has significant regional features, and the annual thunderstorm days appear more in mountain regions, the northern Xinjiang and the western Xinjiang, rather than plains, the southern Xinjiang and the eastern Xinjiang. The distributions of annual thunderstorms in the west portion of the Tianshan Mountains and their two sides are zonal distribution, forming two areas with 46-84 and 25-35 days annually. Zhaosu in the Ili River valley has the most thunderstorms, up to 83.7 d per year. Temporally, the thunderstorm in Xinjiang is seasonal, primarily appearing in summer, accounting for 77% of the total. In cold winter, thunders are seldom heard. The monthly thunderstorm days show a distribution of single-peak. Most thunderstorm days are in July, with six days per month averaged over Xinjiang. The earliest thunderstorm often appears from February to April while the latest one appears from September to December. Recently, the average thunderstorm days decrease significantly, with the decreasing rate of 1.28, 1.53, 1.90 and 0.82 d·（10a）-1, respectively, in Xinjiang as a whole, in North Xinjiang, in the Tianshan Mountains and in South Xinjiang. Spatial distribution over most parts of the region presents a decreasing trend, especially, in North Xinjiang. However, in the Tianshan Mountains and their two sides and some places in the west part of South Xinjiang, there is a weak increasing trend. Decadal variation trend of thunderstorms is, in general, going down year by year. Thunderstorm days are all decreasing in spring, summer and autumn, with most outstanding decreasing trend in summer. The monthly thunderstorm days in Xinjiang and their subareas all show a decreasi

关 键 词：雷暴 时空分布 变化特征 新疆 

分 类 号：P446[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]