硝酸镁辅助直接硝解法合成黑索今  

Synthesis of RDX by Direct Nitrolysis with the Aid of Mg （NO3 ）2

作　　者：齐秀芳[1] 王明[1] 魏丽程 程广斌[2] 吕春绪[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学国防科技学院,四川绵阳621010 [2]南京理工大学化工学院,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《精细化工》2013年第11期1201-1203,共3页Fine Chemicals

基　　金：西南科技大学博士基金项目（09zx7101）

摘　　要：以发烟硝酸（质量分数95％，下同）为硝化剂，六水硝酸镁为助剂，对乌洛托品直接硝解法合成高能炸药黑索今（RDX）进行了工艺改进探索。在原直接法工艺基础上，考察六水硝酸镁的加入量、成熟期反应温度、成熟期反应时间3个主要因素对RDX收率的影响。得到优化的工艺条件为：以发烟硝酸为硝化剂，六水硝酸镁与乌洛托品的摩尔比为1：2，成熟期反应温度为30℃，成熟期反应时间为60min。该优化后工艺能提高RDX产率到80．6％，比原工艺提高8．6％。With fuming nitric acid （ mass fraction 95 % ） as the nitrating agent, six water magnesium nitrate as assistant, process improvement exploration was carried out for the synthesis of high energy explosive hexogen （RDX） by direct nitrolysis of urotropine （HA）. Based on the direct method, the influence of three main factors on the yield of RDX was investigated, that is, the effects of the amount of Mg（ NO3 ）2 6H20, reaction temperature and reaction time in maturation period. The optimum synthesis conditions were obtained,which are：the molar ratio of Mg （NO3 ）2 6H20 to HA 1：2;the temperature of maturation period： 30℃;the reaction time in maturation period： 60 min. The optimized process can improve the yield of RDX to 80. 6% ,8.6% higher than the original process. Key words： RDX; direct nitrolysis ; process improvement ; Mg （ NO3 ） 2 ; functional materials

关 键 词：RDX 直接硝解法 工艺改进 硝酸镁 功能材料 

分 类 号：TQ564[化学工程—炸药化工]