鲁中山区小流域不同土地利用类型的土壤分形及水分入渗特征  

Fractal features and infiltration characteristics of soil of different land uses in a small watershed of rocky mountainous area in the middle of Shandong Province

作　　者：徐萍[1] 刘霞[1] 张光灿[1] 单桂梅[1] 张松松[1] 方立东[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省土壤侵蚀与生态修复重点实验室,山东农业大学林学院水土保持系,国家林业局泰山森林生态站,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2013年第5期89-95,共7页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"沂蒙山区退耕坡地土壤结构与入渗动态及其分形学机理"(31070627);水利部水利政策与制度建设项目"淮河流域不同类型区水土保持生态功能定位及管理政策"(HWSBC2013003);淮河水利委员会水土保持管理项目"淮河流域国家水土保持重点工程区水土流失防治问题与对策"(HWSBC2013002)

摘　　要：为探讨坡耕地土壤入渗性能退化特征与分形机制,对鲁中山区选择典型小流域,运用土壤分形和水文学原理与方法,通过测定坡耕地、弃耕地、生态林地和经济林地4种土地利用类型的土壤分形特征与入渗性能,探讨土壤入渗速率与土壤颗粒分维及孔隙分维的定量关系。结果表明:1)不同土地利用类型土壤稳渗速率表现为坡耕地>弃耕地>生态林地>经济林地,土壤颗粒分维数与孔隙分维数表现为生态林地>经济林地>弃耕地>坡耕地;2)研究区土壤颗粒分维与孔隙分维数之间显著正相关,二者与土壤黏粒及粉粒体积分数显著正相关、与土壤入渗速率显著负相关;3)霍顿入渗模型和幂函数模型比较适用于拟合研究区土壤入渗过程与入渗速率,而菲利浦模型的适用性较差。因此,研究区土壤具有粗骨性砂土的物理特性,坡耕地耕作会加剧土壤中粉粒和黏粒等细粒物质流失,降低土壤颗粒分布与孔隙分布的均匀性及其分维数,导致土壤入渗性能增强但水肥保蓄性能降低。For exploring the degradation characteristics of infiltration processes and fractal mechanism in the sloping farmland in a typical small watershed of rocky mountainous area in the middle of Shandong Province, the theories and methods of soil fractal and hydrology were used to analyze the soil infiltration and its quantitative relation with soil particle-size and pore dimension for four kinds of land use types, including sloping land, abandoned farmland, ecological forest, and economic forest. The results showed that： 1） the sequence of soil stability infiltration rate was as follows： sloping farmland 〉 abandoned land 〉 ecological forest 〉 economic forest, and the sequence of soil particle-size and pore dimension was as follows： ecological forest 〉 economic forest 〉 abandoned land 〉 sloping farmland. 2） There were significant positive correlations between the soil particle-size dimension and pore dimension, and both of them had positive correlations with volume percentage of silt and clay, and negative correlations with soil infiltration rate. 3） The Horton model and the power function model were more suitable to simulate the soil infiltration process and infiltration rate in the study area, but Philip infiltration model were not. The conclusions were that the soil in this area displayed a typical fragment of rocky mountainous regions; Due to the loss of the amounts of silt and clay caused by cultivation in the sloping farmland, the uniformity and fractal dimension of soil particle-size and pore distribution were decreased, hence enhancing soil infiltration capacity and decreasing soil water retention capacity.

关 键 词：土壤结构 土壤入渗 分形维数 坡耕地 鲁中山区 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S152[农业科学—土壤学]