植物细胞核雄性不育基因研究进展  

Progress in Identification of Plant Male Sterility Related Nuclear Genes

作　　者：杨莉芳[1] 刁现民[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2013年第6期1108-1117,共10页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家现代农业产业体系(CARS07-12.5-A02)

摘　　要：植物雄性不育既是研究植物生殖生物学重要的植物学性状,也是研究作物杂种优势利用的重要农艺性状,在遗传和分子生物学中具有重要地位。以模式植物拟南芥和水稻为主,对植物雄性不育的控制基因和相关分子机理研究已有众多进展,按照花药发育时期和雄性败育的表现形式可以归纳为减数分裂异常、胼胝质代谢异常、绒毡层发育异常、花粉壁发育异常、花药开裂异常,以及其他类型的雄性不育。在不育相关基因中,导致胼胝质代谢异常、绒毡层发育异常和花粉壁发育异常的基因往往表现一因多效,一个相关基因的突变会产生复合表型。关于植物雄性不育相关基因的研究表明,雄性器官和小孢子形成过程中的任何相关基因的改变,均可导致雄性不育的产生。本文总结了植物核基因雄性不育的研究进展,以期促进不同物种间雄性不育基因的比较分析,使植物雄性不育研究更加深入。Male sterility is a common phenomenon in the plant kingdom which is important for both plant repro- ductive biology study and crop breeding research for heterosis utility. Many studies on this issue were reported which were mostly carried out with the model species of Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza Sativa. According to the abortion stages in anther development,plant male sterility can be classified into several types such as degradation of pollen mother cells, early or late degeneration of tapetum ceils, critical chemical changes in pollen wall development,failure in anther dehiscence, and other types. Mutations in genes encoding tapetum and pollen wall development most likely create a complex phenotype in microspore development. The resuhs so far obtained indicated that mutations of relat- ed genes that are critical for anther and pollen development will result male sterility. This paper is a review on those researches and we hope it can facilitate related studies for a much promising future.

关 键 词：植物雄性不育 减数分裂 绒毡层 花药开裂 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学] S184[农业科学—农业基础科学]