民法容忍义务哲学意蕴考  

A Study of the Philosophical Meaning of Tolerance Obligation in the Civil Law

作　　者：秦伟[1] 杨琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院

出　　处：《文史哲》2013年第6期153-160,165,共8页Literature,History,and Philosophy

摘　　要：容忍义务系指对他人所致合理正当限度内微额不利益或不便原本有权提出异议,但此时却以不作为方式予以忍受以确保他人获取利益之拘束力。容忍义务浓缩了人类诸多真善美因子,就其哲学意蕴而言,体现了恻隐、怜悯和同情等儒家"性善"论,即"四心"、"四德"和"理义";诠释了"自由"与"宽容"等自由秩序论,即容忍政府行为、秩序规则、社会文明进步结果及物质不平等;印证了"克己"、"自我牺牲"、"合理仁爱"等功利主义论,即"自我牺牲"必须增加他人及社会幸福总量并义务人获得相应利益补偿;契合了界区性与相互性等产权经济论,即或禁止权利人为一定行为,或容忍权利人为一定行为。Tolerance obligation refers to the right to raise a reasonable objection to another party while at the same not not directly hindering that partys right or ability to continue to pursue his/her own interests.It also has to do with concepts of truth,goodness,and beauty in human nature.As to its philosophical meaning,tolerance obli- gation reflects the Confucian conceptions of our inherently good nature such as compassion,pity,empathy and so on,i.e.the'four moral sentiments,'the'four virtues,'as well as'axiom and justice'.It interprets the theory of free order such as freedom,tolerance and so on,i.e.tolerating the government actions,rules of order, results of progress of social civilization as well as material inequality.It confirms utilitarian principles such as self-denial,self-sacrifice,rational benevolence and so on,i.e.that self-sacrifice must increase the total happi- ness of others in society,as well as the original agent being compensated for his sacrifice.It agrees with the eco- nomic theory of property such as boundary region and reciprocity,i.e.prohibiting or tolerating certain behavior of the recipient of such tolerance.

关 键 词：容忍义务 儒家性善论 自由秩序 功利主义 产权 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]