网格式生物埂对坡面土壤养分分布特征的影响  

Effect of net terrace biological bank on soil nutrients distributions along slope

作　　者：黄欢[1] 何丙辉[1] 李建兴[1] 秦川[1] 姚云[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2013年第12期1491-1499,共9页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD31B03);国家自然科学基金项目(41271291);重庆市重大科技专项(CSTC2009AB1115);西南大学生态学重点学科"211工程"三期建设项目资助

摘　　要：网格式生物埂作为将水土保持生物措施与工程措施相结合的一种新型护坡技术，对土壤养分特征和坡面分布规律有较大影响。本文采用野外调查和室内分析方法，研究建设1～4年的黄花网格式生物埂对坡面土壤养分分布特点和分布规律的影响。结果表明：（1）网格式生物：更对土壤有机质含量和pH有显著改善作用，随着建设年限的增加，土壤pH逐渐降低，而土壤有机质含量逐渐增大；在不同坡位之间有机质含量表现为：坡上〉坡中〉坡下，与对照裸坡呈相反规律；（2）随着网格式生物埂建设年限的增加，土壤全氮呈现先降低后增加的趋势，且生物埂对于改善上坡位氮素含量效果较显著；土壤碱解氮与全氮含量变化呈显著正相关，且不同建设年限间生物埂土壤碱解氮含量在坡上和坡下位置差异均较显著；（3）生物埂建设1-3年，相同年限的生物埂不同坡位的土壤全磷含量之间显著差异性规律不同，但建设4年生物埂土壤全磷的坡面分布规律与对照完全相反，表现为坡下〉坡中〉坡上，且不同坡位差异达极显著水平（P=O．000）；有效磷含量随生物埂建设年限增加表现出一定的波动性，变异系数达31．37％，但相比对照平均值提高1．15～3．30倍，而坡面分布随建设年限没有明显的变化规律；（4）网格式生物埂土壤全钾含量相比对照提高9．7％～28．2％，但随着网格式生物埂建设年限的增加，土壤全钾含量呈降低趋势；生物埂能显著增加土壤有效钾含量，且达到一定建设年限，坡面不同位置土壤有效钾含量差异性显著增加。As a new slope protection technique, net terrace biological bank combines biological measures with engineering practices for soil/water conservation. They significantly influence soil nurient contents and distribution patterns along slope. The technique has made it possible to realize full uses of land resources and ensure maintenance of ecological and economic benefits under insufficient supply of arable land resources against vast slc,pe of varying lengths. To study soil nutrients distri- butions in different slope positions and to provide theoretical basis to further promote net terrace biological bank and artificial regulation of slope-protection economic vegetation, this article analyzed 1he impact of net terrace biological bank on soil nu- trient distribution patterns on slope. It also determined the soil nutrients contents in net terrace biological bank with different construction years using field investigation and indoor experimental methods. The results showed that： （1） net terrace biologi- cal bank significantly changed soil pH and organic matter content. Also while soil pH decreased with increasing construction years, organic matter content significantly increased. The distribution patern of organic matter along slope changed signifi- cantly, with that of the upper part 〉 middle part 〉 lower part of slope in all construction period. However, the trend of organic matter content change under the control （bare slope） tracked the reverse pattern. （2） With the increasing construction years of net terrace biological bank, total nitrogen content increased after an initial period of decrease. The improvement in nitrogencontent in the upper part of slope was stronger than that in the middle and lower parts of slope. Alkali-hydrolysis nitrogen content was significantly related to total nitrogen content. The differences among different construction years were more sig- nificant in the upper and lower parts of slope, （3） In the first three construction years, differences were noted in the di

关 键 词：网格式生物埂 护坡技术 土壤养分 坡面分布特征 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]