不同林下植被干扰措施对毛竹林下植物种群分布格局的影响  

Effects of different disturbance measures on spatial distribution patterns of understory plants in Phyllostachys edulis forests

作　　者：樊艳荣[1] 陈双林[1] 林华 杨清平[1] 洪宜聪 郭子武[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江富阳311400 [2]福建省沙县林业局,福建沙县365500

出　　处：《生物多样性》2013年第6期709-714,共6页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家公益性行业(林业)科研专项(201004008);国家星火计划项目(2012GA720007);中央财政林业科技推广示范资金跨区域重点推广示范项目([2010]TK025)

摘　　要：为探讨不同干扰措施对毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)林下植被优势种群分布格局的影响,作者选择林分结构和立地条件基本一致的3块毛竹林,分别为多年未除草、劈山除草和除草剂除草毛竹林,进行林下植被物种种类、数量和盖度等的调查。结果表明,劈山除草和除草剂除草毛竹林草本植物优势种重要值和盖度都显著高于多年未除草毛竹林,而乔木、灌木的优势种重要值和盖度相对要低。3类毛竹林内植物种群大部分呈聚集分布,其中杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)在多年未除草和除草剂除草的毛竹林内虽呈聚集分布但不显著,而在劈山除草毛竹林内则呈随机分布;锈茅莓(Rubus reflexus)在多年未除草和劈山除草的毛竹林内呈强烈聚集分布,而在除草剂除草的毛竹林内聚集程度不显著;地菍(Melastoma dodecandrum)和芒萁(Dicranopteris dichotoma)在3类毛竹林内均呈强烈聚集分布。总之,多年未除草的毛竹林中呈均匀分布的优势种的比例高,而劈山除草和除草剂除草的毛竹林中呈强烈聚集分布的优势种的比例高。上述结果表明,不同林下植被干扰措施对毛竹林植物优势种及其分布格局的影响存在差异,综合竹笋安全生产和环境保护及竹林可持续经营的要求,我们建议采用人工劈山除草方法对毛竹林下植被进行干扰管理。Anthropogenic disturbance measures have effects on biological relationships, resource patterns and ecological processes of ecosystems, causing changes of species spatial distribution pattern. To reveal the effects of different disturbance measures on species composition and the distribution patterns of dominant species, we selected three Phyllostachys edulis forests that had been subject to different types of disturbance, i.e. without weeding for many years （Forestno）, hilltop weeding （Foresthilltop）, and herbicide weeding （Fores- therbicide）, and analyzed spatial distribution patterns of the understory plant species. A total of 74 species be- longing to 58 genera and 47 families were recorded across forest types. The foreStherbicide type contained the most abundant species, while in the forestno type importance values and coverage of dominant arbor and shrub species were highest, whereas importance values and coverage of dominant herb species were lowest. Cunninghamia lanceolata, the common dominant arbor species in all three types of forest, tended to show a clumped pattem in both the forestno and the foreStherbicide types （though not significantly so）, but was randomly distributed in the foresthilltop type. Rubus reflexus, the common dominant shrub species, clumped strongly in both the forestno and the foresthilltop types, but not significantly so in the forestherbieide type. Melastoma dode-candrum and Dicranopteris dichotoma, the common dominant herb species, were strongly clumped in all three forest types. The proportion of dominant species showing a uniform distribution was highest in the for- eStno type. We suggest that anthropogenic hilltop weeding measure can be used for understory vegetation interference and the sustainable management of bamboo.

关 键 词：PHYLLOSTACHYS EDULIS 林下植物 人工干扰 除草 物种组成 分布格局 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]