长江中下游河湖水量交换过程  

Water exchange between river and lake in the middle and lower reach of Changjiang River

作　　者：赵军凯[1] 李九发[2] 蒋陈娟[3] 李立现[1] 赵追[1] 张爱社[1] 曹铭[1] 

机构地区：[1]九江学院生命科学学院鄱阳湖生态经济研究中心,江西九江332000 [2]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海200062 [3]扬州大学水利科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225127

出　　处：《水科学进展》2013年第6期759-770,共12页Advances in Water Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50939003);河口海岸学国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(SKLEC201205)~~

摘　　要：长江中下游的河湖水交换关系典型且复杂,为描述河湖水量相互交换过程,提出了河湖水量交换系数的概念,即某一时段内由支流汇入湖泊的径流量与湖泊泄入干流径流量的比值,表示河湖水量交换的激烈程度。根据水量平衡原理推导出河湖水量交换系数计算的经验公式,并把河湖水量交换过程分为3种状态:"湖分洪"、"稳定"和"湖补河"。近60多年来河湖水交换系数年际变化趋势表明:洞庭湖与长江干流的水交换状态从"湖分洪"到"稳定",再到"湖补河"状态发展;鄱阳湖与长江干流的水交换系数在稳定状态附近波动,河湖水交换状态无明显趋势性变化,河湖系统演化稳定。河湖水交换系数与长江干流径流量相关性良好,而与湖泊支流径流量相关性较差,表明长江干流径流量的大小是河湖水量交换过程的主控因素。A new concept of river-lake water exchange coefficient is introduced to investigate the river-lake water ex- change in the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River. The concept is constituted of the ratio of the amount of runoff from tributaries to a lake and the amount of runoff from the lake to the main stream of a river during a certain period of time. The equilibrium theory is used in the derivation of the river-lake water exchange coefficient. Based on the latter, the exchange process in river-lake water can be classified into three types： Diverting flood waters to lake, water balancing, and draining lake water out to river. Results show that the water exchange between the Dongting Lake and the main stream of Changjiang River has evolved from diverting flood waters to lake, to water balancing, and to draining lake water out to river during the past 60 years. No significant changes can be observed in water exchange types between the Poyang Lake and the main stream of Changjiang River, as revealed by fluctuations of the river-lake water exchange coefficient indicating mostly the water balancing type. The river-lake water exchange coefficient can be strongly correlated to the amount of runoff from the main stream of Changjiang River. In contrast, a week correlation is found in lake＇s tributaries. Thus, the river-lake water exchange is dominantly controlled by the water flow in the main stream of Changjiang River.

关 键 词：河湖关系 河湖水量交换系数 洞庭湖 鄱阳湖 长江中下游 

分 类 号：TV213.2[水利工程—水文学及水资源]