风向因素对转基因抗虫棉花基因漂移效率的影响  

The influence of wind direction on pollen-mediated gene flow in transgenic insect- resistant cotton

作　　者：朱家林[1] 贺娟[1] 牛建群[1] 张青文[1] 刘小侠[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学昆虫学系,北京100193

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第21期6803-6812,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：转基因生物新品种培育科技重大专项(2011ZX0811-002)

摘　　要：在转基因作物获准进行环境释放并实行大面积商品化推广的同时,基因漂移所引起的生态环境安全问题不容忽视。以含有双价抗虫基因(Bt/CpTI)的转基因棉花SGK321为花粉供体材料,以常规非转基因棉花品种石远321、中棉35、吉扎1号为花粉受体材料,在温室中人工创造定向风和非定向风条件,应用PCR与蛋白检测相结合的方法,检测外源基因发生基因漂移的效率。结果表明:随着与转基因棉花SGK321距离的增加,外源基因转移至非转基因棉花的基因漂移频率呈现波动性变化。在定向风处理中,基因漂移频率在距离转基因棉花6.4m处达到峰值33.33%,在测定范围内基因漂移最远距离为25.6m;而在非定向风处理中,基因漂移频率在距离转基因棉花12.8m处达到峰值36.67%,在测定范围内基因漂移最远距离为36m。非定向风可显著提高转移至海岛棉吉扎1号的基因漂移频率。外源基因从SGK321转移至其非转基因亲本石远321的基因漂移频率显著高于转移至陆地棉中棉35和海岛棉吉扎1号的漂移频率。为转基因棉花的生态安全性分析提供一定的理论参考价值。With the extensive environment release and large scale cultivation of genetically modified （GM） crops, the ecological environment security problems, caused by transgene escape from GM crop to its non-GM counterpart and wild relatives, have appeared gradually. During the early years of breeding and seed increase, there are some uncertainty among regulators about containment measures needed to prevent the movement of regulated GM traits into adjacent fields and possibly into the human or animal food chain. Cotton, one of the wind-pollinated and highly outcrossing cash crops, is planted on millions of hectares annually and is the third most abundant GM crop. This study investigated the occurrence of gene flow from transgenic cotton to non-transgenic cottons under closed conditions using an insect-resistant gene as a tracer marker. The selectable marker used in this study was the synthetic GFM CryⅠA（C）gene which encoded Bt insecticidal protein with resistance to cotton bollworm. In order to determine the impacts of wind direction on pollen-mediated gene flow （PGF）, two greenhouse experiments under different wind conditions （directed and indirected） were establishied. The growth area for each treatment was 480m2, and the row and plant spacing was 80cm×30cm. To observe the frequency and distance of gene flow, the transgenic cotton, SGK321 （Gossypium hirsutum L.）, was used as a pollen donor, and conventional varieties Shiyuan321 （Gossypium hirsutum L.）, Zhongmian35 （Gossypium hirsutum（ L.） and Jizha1 （Gossypium barbadense L.） were applied as pollen recipients, separately. Following natural pollination under the wind conditions, the seeds were collected from each conventional varieties at varying distances and sown in pot culture. DNAs were extracted by the CTAB procedure during cotyledon period, then screened for CryⅠA（C） gene by PCR assays. The positive samples in the PCR assays were identified for Bt insecticidal protein by dipstick assay. The results showed that there was a

关 键 词：转基因棉花 BT基因 基因逃逸 定性PCR 生物安全性 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]