抚育间伐对油松人工林下大型真菌的影响  

Effects of thinning on macro fungi and their relationship with litter decomposition in Pinus tabulaeformis plantations

作　　者：陈晓[1] 白淑兰[2] 刘勇[1] 李国雷[1] 江萍[1] 张硕[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]内蒙古农业大学林学院,呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第21期6935-6943,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30972353);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(20090014110011)

摘　　要：真菌在森林凋落物分解过程中起重要作用,研究间伐如何影响真菌进而影响凋落物分解,对深入了解间伐调控人工林凋落物分解有重要意义。以抚育间伐后的中龄油松人工林为研究对象,设立对照(Ⅰ)、轻度(Ⅱ)、中度(Ⅲ)和强度(Ⅳ)4种间伐强度,于2011年对间伐后林下大型真菌进行两次调查,分析了不同间伐强度下大型真菌的科的分布、优势种组成和生态指标(包括丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数)。结果表明:(1)8月、9月采集到的大型真菌分别为35种和25种,分属13个科和10个科;(2)在大型真菌出菇期,间伐改变了大型真菌的优势种组成,对照林下大型真菌优势种最初为外生菌根菌(粘盖乳牛肝菌+血红铆钉菇)后变为腐生菌(大盖小皮伞和脐顶小皮伞),而间伐后林下优势种始终为腐生菌;(3)间伐影响大型真菌的生态指标,中度间伐林下大型真菌丰富度和多样性指数最高。总之,适度间伐不仅有利于提高林下大型真菌的丰富度与多样性,同时使其群落结构发生改变,群落优势种由外生菌根菌变为以分解凋落物为主的腐生菌,可促进凋落物的分解和养分循环。Chinese pine （Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.） is the chief coniferous species used in forest plantations in northern China. However, high tree density and slow rates of decomposition in needle litter have resulted in decreased quality in many plantations. Thinning provides an effective method which can be used to solve this problem. The mechanisms by which thinning promotes litter decomposition have been studied by studying properties of litter, characteristics of understory vegetation, forest microclimate and physicochemical properties of soil, but rarely by studying the important role fungi play in forest litter decomposition. Thus, discovering the relationships between thinning, fungi, and litter decomposition in plantations is very important. It has been hypothesized that forest microclimates improve after thinning, since thinning promotes growth of understory vegetation; this changes stand composition and properties of litter, which in turn affects the macrofungi community. This study analyzes a series of 34-year-old Chinese pine plantations thinned to four different intensities （control-Ⅰ, light-Ⅱ, medium-Ⅲ, and heavy thinning intensity-Ⅳ）. All macrofungi were identified morphologically and measurements of each species such as quantity, cap diameter and fungal height were made in 12 sample plots. Importance values were calculated using relative density, relative frequency, relative cap diameter and relative height of fungi. The ecological indices （species richness, diversity and evenness） of macrofungi were calculated based on the important values and compared between August and September, 2011. A total of 35 and 25 species belonging to 13 and 10 families of macrofungi were found in August and September, respectively. During the two months of studies, stands with medium thinning intensity supported the highest number of species, but the control stand supported the fewest. The number of species found in September was lower than those found in August possibly because the temperature decreased i

关 键 词：抚育间伐 凋落物 真菌 多样性 

分 类 号：S718.81[农业科学—林学]