土霉素对堆肥过程中酶活性和微生物群落代谢的影响  

Effect of Oxytetraeyeline (OTC) on the activities of enzyme and microbial community metabolic profiles in composting

作　　者：陈智学[1] 谷洁[2] 高华[2] 王小娟[2] 陈琳[1] 胡婷[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学理学院,杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学资源与环境学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第21期6957-6966,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40871119;41171203);农业部948资助项目(2010-Z20)

摘　　要：以猪粪和秸秆为试验材料,研究了土霉素对堆肥温度、种子发芽指数、C/N、纤维素酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶以及微生物群落代谢的影响。结果表明,0 mg/kg(对照处理)的堆肥在第2天上升到50℃以上,维持了5 d,达到了无害化处理的要求。35 mg/kg土霉素处理(A1处理)第4天升到51.0℃,其高温期维持了1 d。70 mg/kg土霉素处理(A2处理)第3天升到50℃以上,高温期维持了2 d。105 mg/kg土霉素处理(A3处理)和140 mg/kg土霉素处理(A4处理)的温度在整个堆肥期间均未达到50℃。在堆肥结束时各个处理的种子发芽指数均达到80%以上。CK(对照处理)、A1、A2、A3和A4处理的C/N由34.50分别降为16.64、16.07、19.48、18.45和19.83。堆肥的第1天,A1、A2、A3和A4处理对纤维素酶活性的抑制率分别为60.30%、21.30%、48.81%和76.05%,第3天,土霉素对纤维素酶活性起促进作用,在4—30 d,A3、A4处理对纤维素酶活性有抑制作用。在堆肥的前期(1—3 d),土霉素刺激脲酶活性,随着堆肥时间的延长,土霉素对脲酶活性由刺激变为抑制作用,在第18—30天A3、A4处理与CK相比有着显著的抑制作用。在堆肥第1天到第18天,土霉素基本上促进过氧化氢酶的活性,堆肥18 d之后土霉素对过氧化氢酶起着是抑制作用。用Biolog(ECO Microplate)方法研究了土霉素对堆肥过程中微生物群落代谢的影响,结果表明,在升温期CK处理的平均颜色变化率AWCD(Average Well Color Development)在培养60 h之后大于其他处理,高温期A2处理的AWCD值最高,在降温期CK的AWCD值一直是最高的。对Shannon指数进行分析显示,堆肥的初始阶段土霉素降低微生物群落的功能多样性,随着时间的延长,土霉素增加微生物群落的功能多样性。对微生物利用六大类碳源分析表明,140 mg/kg的土霉素浓度能够改变微生物利用碳源的种类。An outdoor experiment was conducted to study the effect of oxytetraeyeline addition on composting temperature, seed germination index, ratio of carbon to nitrogen, cellulose, urease, catalase and microbial community metabolism during composting of pig manure mixed with wheat straw. The results showed that composting temperature was reached to 50 ℃ in the second day of composting and lasted for 5 days on treatment without addition of oxytetraeyeline （Control check,CK）, which could meet the need of the requirement of harmlessness. The composting temperature was above 51.0 ℃ in the fourth day of composting with addition of 35 mg/kg oxytetracycline （A1 treatment）, and the high temperature period maintained for 1 day. The temperature was above 50 ℃ in the third day of composting where 70 mg/kg oxytetracycline was added （A2 treatment）, and the high temperature period only hold on for 2 days. The temperature could not reach to 50 ℃ over the whole time of composting on both A3 and A4 treatments where 105 mg/kg and 140 mg/kg of oxytetracycline were spiked respectively. The germination indices （GI） of seeds, which contained in the compost materials, were higher than 80% for all treatments at the end of the composting. The C/N ratios for all treatments were decreased from an initial value of 34.50 to 16.64, 16.07, 19.48, 18.45 and 19.83, respectively, when composting completed. Activities of cellulose on treatments those receiving oxytetracycline were inhibited by 60.30%, 21.30%, 48.81% and 76.05%, respectively, over CK treatment in the first day of the composting, and they were increased in the third day. Nevertheless, activities of cellulase were inhibited under A3 and A4 treatments compared with CK from day 4 to day 30. The activity of urease was increased by addition of oxytetracycline in the first 3 days, since then on, it was decreased. The higher concentrations of oxytetracycline （A3 and A4） had a significant inhibitory effect on activity of urease from day 18 to day 30. The catalase activ

关 键 词：土霉素 堆肥 酶活性 微生物群落 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]