大型水库调控对游荡性河道整治工程适应性的影响  

Impacts of regulation by a large reservoir on adaptability of channel training works on a wandering river

作　　者：王卫红[1] 李勇[1] 许志辉 王万战[1] 

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003 [2]黄河信息中心,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2013年第6期12-21,共10页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2011CB403305);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划(2012BAB02B05)

摘　　要：根据TM卫星影像解析、数理统计和理论分析的方法,以黄河小浪底水库运用为例,对水库长期调控下泄低含沙小流量过程中游荡性河段河道整治工程的适应性开展了评价,并探讨了整治工程对水沙变化过程的适应机制,为大型水库运用和河道整治提供科学依据。研究表明,在小浪底水库长期下泄低含沙小流量过程条件下,黄河下游游荡性河段河道整治工程的总体适应性较弱,尤以黑岗口以上河段整治工程的靠河几率较水库运用前期均有不同程度减小,赵口-夹河滩河段的畸形河湾时有发生,相对来说,夹河滩-高村、铁谢-伊洛河口、黑岗口-夹河滩河段河道整治工程较为适应,伊洛河口-花园口、花园口-黑岗口河段的工程适应性相对较差,不过河势变化仍在工程控制范围内;现状河道整治工程设计条件下,整治工程相对完善的河段对小水过程的适应性相对较强,否则相对较弱;整治工程对水沙条件的适应机制在于水流动力条件与工程平面形态边界条件之间的匹配调整关系,为增强工程的适应性,应从调控合理水沙过程、优化工程设计方案两方面统筹协调考虑。Analysis of both the adaptability of channel regulating （training） works in the wandering Yellow River to longterm low flow and sediment regimes released from the Xiaolangdi Reservoir and the mechanism of channel regulating works adapting to flow and sediment processes leads to the following research results. （a） The channel regulating works in the wandering reach have demonstrated, as a whole, a poor adaptability to low flow and sediment regimes, which are exemplified by the facts that the individual works have shown deceasing chances of touching the main stream upstream the Heigangkou works, and that abnormal channel bends have been found to appear quite often in the ZhaokouJiahetan section. In contrast, the training works in the JiahetanGaocun and TiexieYiluohe River Mouth sections have shown a nice adaptability while those in the Yiluohe River Mouth Huayuankou section and the HuayuankouHeigangkou section have shown a quite low a daptability, but the channel form changes still within control. （b） In the sections with higher ratios of the completed works to the designed works, the completed works have shown a higher adaptability to the low flow and sediment regimes, while in the sections with lower ratios the completed works have shown a lower adapta bility. （c） The mechanism of channel regulating works adapting to flow and sediment conditions depends on the matching and adjusting between the hydrodynamic conditions and the works＇ plane form boundary condi tions. （d） To increase the adaptability, efforts should focus on both how to release reasonable flow and sedi ment processes, and how to optimize the design of the training works.

关 键 词：游荡性河段 河道整治工程 治导线 河势 小浪底水库 

分 类 号：TV147.5[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]