“一水多用”养殖体系海水水质变化规律  

Sea Water Quality Changes in a Water Multi-utilization Pattern System

作　　者：谢文军[1] 孙爱花[2] 孙同秋 陈昕[4] 

机构地区：[1]滨州学院山东省黄河三角洲生态环境重点实验室,山东滨州256603 [2]滨州职业学院,山东滨州256600 [3]山东省滨州市海洋与渔业研究所,山东滨州256600 [4]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2013年第10期78-80,145,共4页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：环保公益性行业科研专项经费项目:水产养殖业(海水和淡水)污染控制与环境管理技术研究(2010467014)

摘　　要："一水多用"养殖体系在海水多级利用的基础上,实现了养殖尾水零排放,对于充分利用海水资源,减少养殖尾水排放具有重要意义。当前对于该体系中海水水质变化规律报道较少。文章以"半滑舌鳎-南美白对虾-卤虫-海洋化工"养殖体系为研究对象,取样分析海水水质在体系中的变化规律。结果表明,随着海水利用次数增加,海水pH、无机氮、有机氮、总氮、无机磷、COD含量均显著增加(p<0.05),养殖活动对海水水质能产生显著影响。海水无机氮、无机磷与有机氮、总氮、COD等持续升高的变化规律不同,呈现波浪形变化,与进水池海水水质相比,增加达极显著水平(p<0.01),这可能与养殖生物及其他海水中生物对无机氮、磷的利用有关。随着海水盐度增加,海水中有机氮、总氮、COD增速显著加快,表明高盐环境下,海水自净能力明显受到抑制。卤虫养殖池中海水与进水池海水相比,COD、有机氮、总氮分别增加了3.9、6.27和6.15倍。应对海水水质这一变化规律",一水多用"养殖体系中不同组成单元对海水水质要求应逐渐降低,同时,也要积极采用高效养殖技术和净化措施,提高海水水质。Water multi-utilization pattern system is of great significance for seawater utilization and the reduction of waste seawater discharge of aquaculture. However, the change analysis of seawater quality in the water multi-utilization pattern sys- tem is little reported. The water multi-utilization pattern system of Cynoglossus semilaevis-Penaeus vannamei-Artemia-o- cean cherrfical industry was employed to determine the changes of seawater quality. Results showed that with seawater utilized continuously, pH, inorganic N and P, organic N, total N and COD concentrations were all increased significantly （p〈0.05）, which indicated that aqua-cultivation can lowering seawater quality significantly. Compared with continuous increase of or- ganic N, total N and COD concentrations, inorganic N and P concentrations of seawater changed in the wave-shaped patterns, showing significantly higher than those of un-utilized seawater （p〈0.01）. Wave-shaped patterns probably resulted from the organic N and P utilization by living beings in seawater. With seawater salinity increasing, the increase of organic N, total N and COD concentrations boosted greatly, which suggested that self-cleaning capacity of seawater was inhibited obviously. Compared with un-utilized seawater, organic N, total N and COD concentrations of seawater in Anemia cultivating pond in- creased by 6.27, 6.15 and 3.90 times respectively. Based on change rules of seawater, the seawater quality demands of compo- nents in water multi-utilization pattern systems should decrease in turn. At the same time, high efficient cultivating and clean- ing technologies are also needed to improve seawater quality.

关 键 词：一水多用 海水水质 养殖 变化规律 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]