CPAAM高吸水树脂制备及其在多元混合溶液中的吸液性能  

Preparation and its Absorbencies of High Water-Absorbing Resin CLPAAM in Multiple Component Salt-Mixing Solutions

作　　者：谢建军[1] 姚庆鑫[1] 丁出[1] 刘军霞[1] 刘元[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学材料科学与工程学院,长沙410004

出　　处：《高分子通报》2013年第11期81-87,共7页Polymer Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31270603)

摘　　要：以壳聚糖、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸为原料,过硫酸钾为引发剂,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,通过溶液聚合和乙醇-NaOH溶液中皂化后处理制备了壳聚糖接枝丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺高吸水树脂(CPAAM),并测定了多元混合盐溶液中的吸液性能。结果表明,平衡吸液倍率随盐溶液浓度增加迅速减小;非电解质对吸液倍率影响很小,电解质对吸液倍率影响较大;电解质阳离子的价数对CPAAM树脂的吸液倍率影响非常大,高价阳离子对CPAAM树脂吸液性能的影响要大于单价阳离子的。这与单一盐溶液中高吸水树脂所得结论相一致。CPAAM树脂在NH4+/Ca2+混合溶液中的吸液倍率顺序为:NH4HCO3/CaCl2>(NH4)3PO4/CaCl2>NH4Cl/CaCl2;在NH4+/K+混合溶液中的吸液倍率顺序为:NH4HCO3/KCl>(NH4)3PO4/KCl>NH4Cl/KCl。CPAAM树脂在三元混合盐溶液中的吸液倍率顺序为:KCl/NH4HCO3/CO(NH2)2>KCl/(NH4)3PO4/CO(NH2)2。CPAAM树脂在四元混合盐溶液的吸液倍率顺序为:(NH4)3PO4/KCl/MgCl2/CO(NH2)2>(NH4)3PO4/KCl/CaCl2/CO(NH2)2。对于CPAAM树脂而言,混合盐溶液的适宜的水温均为25℃左右时,其吸液倍率最大。Chitosan graft acrylic acid and acrylamide superabsorbents（CPAAM） are prepared by solution polymerization and soaked in ethanol-NaOH solution using chitosan, acrylic acid（AA） and acrylamide（AM） as raw materials（monomers）, potassium peroxydisulfate（KPS） as initiator, N, N＇-methylene-bis-acrylamide（NMBA） as crosslinker, and the absorbencies in multiple component salt-mixing solutions are measured. The results have shown that the equilibrium absorbencies of the CPAAM decrease rapidly with increasing the concentration; the effect of the non-electrolyte solutions on the absorbency is little while the effect of the electrolyte solutions on it is large. The cation valence of the electrolyte solutions significantly affects the absorbency of the CPAAM; in the same concentration of solution, the effect of high valence cations is greater than that of the monovalent cations for the absorbency of CPAAM. These are agreeable with the results of the absorbencies in single salt solutions for high water-absorbing resins. The order of the absorbencies in binary NH4 ＋/Caz＋ salt-mixing solutions for CPAAM is NH4 HCO3/CaCl2 〉 （NH,） 3 PO4/CaCl2〉 NH, C1/CaCl2 while that in ternary K＋ / NH, e/urea salt-mixing solutions for CPAAM is KCI/NH4 HCO3/CO（NH2 ）2〉KCI/（NH4 ）3 PO4/CO（NH2 ）2, and that in quaternary K ＋/ NH4 ＋/urea salt-mixing solutions is （ NH4 ） 3 FO4/KC1/MgCl2/CO （ NH2 ）2〉 （ NH4 ） 3 PO4/KC1/CaC12/CO （ NH2 ） 2. The suitable water temperatures for the maximum absorbencies in the salt-mixing solutions for CPAAM are all about 25℃.

关 键 词：超强吸水剂 高吸水树脂 壳聚糖 丙烯酰胺 丙烯酸 吸液性能 混合盐溶液 

分 类 号：TQ324.8[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]