准噶尔盆地西北部夏孜盖地区动物鼠疫流行病学调查  

Animal plague epidemiology in Xiazigai Area, Northwestern Junggar Basin

作　　者：贺金华 徐太平 赵建新 初向东 崔祥军 雷刚[2] 热娜·吐尔地[2] 廖力夫[2] 徐秉臣[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆和布克赛尔蒙古自治县疾病预防控制中心地方病科,834400 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心鼠疫防治科

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2013年第6期639-641,共3页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

基　　金：十一五国家科技支撑计划（2007BA107A14）;新疆高技术研究与发展计划（200611112）

摘　　要：目的调查准噶尔盆地西北部夏孜盖地区的小型动物感染鼠疫状况及其体外寄生蚤类、蜱类的种群结构。方法白天在鼠洞口布弓形夹，夜晚采用5m夹线法，调查动物种类和密度，同时进行蚤类和蜱类调查；采集检测鼠疫F1抗体和鼠疫菌的标本，酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和胶体金试验（GICA）检测鼠疫抗体；4步检验（显微镜检查、分离培养、噬菌体裂解试验、动物实验）分离鉴定鼠疫菌。结果夏孜盖地区大沙鼠密度为2—5只／hm^2；5m夹线法夜行鼠捕获率3．6％（56／1551），捕获小型动物5科10种，跳蚤8种1501只；啮齿动物优势种为大沙鼠、红尾沙鼠和子午沙鼠，体蚤指数分别为21．1（1309／62），4．8（114／24）和1．7（27／16）；簇鬃客蚤和长吻角头蚤分别占总蚤数的79．1％（1187／1501）和13．1％（197／1501）；检测血清和胸腔洗液标本146份，ELISA和GICA法分别检出鼠疫F1抗体阳性为12、11份；动物样本中未检出鼠疫菌。结论子午沙鼠、红尾沙鼠和虎鼬参与了夏孜盖地区动物鼠疫流行。Objective To investigate the situation of small animals infected with plague and the community structure of parasitic fleas and ticks on the small animals in Xiazigai Area, Northwestern Junggar Basin. Methods Animal species and their density were investigated by using clamps in rat hole during the day and 5 meters clip line method at night, meanwhile parasitic fleas and ticks were investigated. F1 antibody of plague and specimens of plague bacillus were collected, while the plague antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） and gold immunochromatography assay（GICA） ; isolation and identification of yersinia pestis were carried out by 4-step tests （microscopic examination, isolation and culture, phage lysis test and animal experiment ）. Results The density of Rhombomys opimus （R. opimus ） was 2 - 5/hm2. The capture rate of small animals was 3.6%（56/1551 ） by 5 meters clip line method, and the captured animals included 10 species 5 families and 1501 fleas（8 species） were collected. The dominant species were R.opimus, Meriones erythrourus （M. erythrourus ） and Meriones meridianus （M.meridianus）, and body flea indexes were 21.1 （1309/62）, 4.8（114/24） and 1.7 （27/16）, respectively. The ratios of Xenopsyllaskrjabini and Echidnophaga oschanini were 79.1% （1187/1501） and 13.1%（ 197/1501 ）of the total fleas. Twelve and eleven plague F1 antibodies of serum and pleural fluid in 146 specimens were detected by ELISA and GICA. Yersinia pestis was not detected in the animal samples. Conclusions M. meridianus, M. erythrourus and Tiger ferret are involved in the epidemic of animal plague in Xiazigai area.

关 键 词：准噶尔盆地 鼠疫 抗体 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]