准噶尔盆地南部人间鼠疫流行病学调查与分析  

Epidemiological investigation of human plague in the southern Junggar Basin： a field survey

作　　者：姚明琴 师茂林 夏小伟 贾怀妙 陆志刚 余俊 高智慧 张志强 雷刚[2] 热娜·吐尔地[2] 蒋卫[2] 廖力夫[2] 徐秉臣[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区石河子市疾病预防控制中心地方病科,832001 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心鼠疫防治科

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2013年第6期642-644,共3页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

基　　金：十一五国家科技支撑计划项目（20078107A14）;新疆高新技术研究发展项目（200611112）;石河子市卫生科研项目（2011YL04）志谢玛纳斯县西营镇、东阜城镇、西古城镇、十户滩镇,沙湾县炮台镇、北野镇、桃花镇、下野地镇、新安镇、花园镇、钟家庄镇,克拉玛依市小拐镇,石河子市紫泥泉镇等13个乡镇疾控中心参加调查工作

摘　　要：目的调查新疆准噶尔盆地南部人间鼠疫流行概况及是否存在发生鼠疫流行的风险。方法通过询问卫生机构的医务人员，了解准噶尔盆地南部人间鼠疫流行信息。根据知情同意的原则，在农业中心区和荒漠边缘区采集部分农、牧工和饲养员静脉采血，检查血清鼠疫F1抗体。采用酶联免疫吸附试验法（ELISA）和胶体金纸上色谱法（GICA）检测F1抗体，对比两种方法的检查结果。结果准噶尔盆地南部没有进行过接种鼠疫疫苗工作，未发现鼠疫病人和疑似鼠疫疫情。共采集血样1015份，其中农业中心区7个镇440份，两种方法鼠疫F1抗体全部阴性；荒漠边缘区6个镇575份，ELISA法鼠疫F1抗体阳性率1．74％（10／575），平均滴度：2^50±1.3，GICA法鼠疫F1抗体阳性率0．52％（3／575）。农业中心区与荒漠边缘区鼠疫F1抗体阳性率比较差异有统计学意义（X^2=7．412，P〈0．01）。两种检测方法阳性率比较差异有统计学意义（X^2=5．143，P〈0．05）。结论准噶尔盆地荒漠边缘区居民中，虽未出现鼠疫疫情，但检测到血清鼠疫F1抗体，属无症状或轻症鼠疫免疫反应，存在发生鼠疫流行的风险。Objective To investigate the epidemic situation and risk of human plague in the southern Junggar Basin. Methods The epidemic information of human plague in southern Junggar Basin was collected by health agency, medical personnel and local elder. According to the principle of informed consent, venous blood of some farmers, shepherds and breeders were collected in the center of agricultural region and the edge of desert, and plague F1 antibody of serum was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） and gold immunochromatography assay（GICA）. Results There were no plague patient, no inoculation of plague vaccine and no folk legend of suspected plague outbreak in southern Junggar Basin. A total of 1015 copies of blood samples were collected, of which 440 were negative with plague F1 antibody from the 7 towns located in the center of agricultural region. As for the 575 samples from the 6 towns located by the desert, the positive rate was 1.74% （10/575） by ELISA with mean titer = 2^50±1.3, and the positive ra[e was 0.52%（3/575） by GICA. The positive rate of plague F1 antibody in the agricultural region was different from that by the desert（x2 = 7.412, P 〈 0.01 ）. The positive rates of the two methods were different（x2 = 5.143, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions Positive detection of serum plague F1 antibody means asymptomatic or mild plague immune response in the residents dwelling in the edge of the Junggar Basin. There is a risk of epidemic outbreaks of the plague.

关 键 词：鼠疫疫源地 F1抗体 流行病学 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学]