干旱胁迫下不同中间砧嫁接苹果苗的导水特性  

Hydraulics Characteristic of Fuji Apple Grafted on Different Dwarf Interstocks Under Drought Stress

作　　者：张林森[1] 胥生荣[2] 张永旺[1] 胡景江[3] 刘富庭[1] 李雪薇[1] 韩明玉[1] 马锋旺[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《园艺学报》2013年第11期2137-2143,共7页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：农业部公益性行业专项(Nyhyzx07-024);陕西省科技厅重大攻关项目(2011KTZB02-02-05);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-28)

摘　　要：以基砧为八棱海棠的4种不同中间砧嫁接的苹果幼苗长富2号/八棱海棠、长富2号/M9、长富2号/M26、长富2号/SH6为试验材料,研究干旱胁迫对其导水特性的影响。结果表明:在干旱胁迫下,4种中间砧木嫁接苗的整体、冠层、茎干、根系叶比导水率均有减小,各器官叶比导水率基本趋势是乔化>半矮化>矮化,其中矮化中间砧的变化幅度最大,乔化中间砧的变化最小。中间砧嫁接口导水阻力表现为矮化砧比半矮化、乔化砧高,在正常水分条件下,八棱海棠、M9、M26和SH6中间砧嫁接区域导水阻力在植株总体导水阻力中所占的比率分别为4.07%、6.60%、4.97%和5.11%,当受到干旱胁迫后,嫁接区域所占比率均有不同程度减小。由于矮化苗有效导水率长期低下,根系吸水和运输水分的能力下降,导致地上部分水分供给减少,从而影响树体的生长。Fuji apple tree grafted on four types of interstocks[seedling Malus robusta（Carr.）Rehd., dwarfing M9,semi-dwarfing M26 and SH6] with seedling Malus robusta（Carr.）Rehd. were used to study the response of hydraulics characteristic to drought stress. The results showed that the leaf specific conductivity（Kl）of total plant,canopy,stem and root decreased with increasing drought stress,the trend of leaf specific conductivity（Kl）of each organ decreased in the order of seedling,semi-dwarfing and dwarfing,in which the range of change of dwarfing M9 was largest,and seedling was smallest. Hydraulics resistance of interstock graft union varied as follows：dwarfing trees 〉 semi-dwarfing trees 〉 seedling. The ratio of hydraulic conductance resistance of dwarfing rootstock graft union to plant in seedling,interstockM9,M26 and SH6 were 4.07%,6.60%,4.97% and 5.11% respectively under well-watered conditions,and decreased under increasing levels of drought stress. Dwarfing rootstock may block transportition of water to the canopy and limit vegetative growth,thus creating the dwarfing effect.

关 键 词：苹果 嫁接 干旱 砧木 水力学特性 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]